Team:Tartu TUIT/Description
Project Description
Yeasthylene
Nowadays society is deeply dependent on non-renewable energy sources, such as oil and gas. These sources are mainly used as fuels, intended to meet the energy and electricity demands of today’s world. However, a wide range of other important chemical compounds are produced from petroleum, most notably hydrocarbon monomers such as ethylene (C2H4). The demand on ethylene has only been increasing during the last decade; the average annual growth from 2007 to 2014 was 2.2%, whereas it is predicted that the growth would increase to 3.6% for the years 2014-2020. This high demand is mainly due to the fact that ethylene is rather multipurposed, and it is used as an essential building block in many chemical compounds. Its most commonly used polymer product, polyethylene, is a main compound in many plastic materials. The main aim of our project is to find an alternative and biological way of producing ethylene. That is why we have decided to genetically engineer yeast cells to produce ethylene from sucrose. In our project, we are going to use two subpopulations of yeast cells with completely dissimilar roles. The subpopulation approach is believed to be more effective that the traditional one, as it does not require genomic integration of several enzymatic steps or a complete pathway in one microorganism. Instead, it will decrease the metabolic burden on the cell and consumption time needed for metabolic engineering. It will also lower the change or redox unbalance which might take place inside of a cell. We will make both of our subpopulations unable to metabolise sucrose. However, in the second subpopulation the suc2 gene, responsible for conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose, will be overexpressed. The protein will be automatically secreted into the sucrose media where it will convert sucrose into glucose and fructose. Our second subpopulation will not be able to metabolise glucose or fructose, as we are going to delete all the genes responsible for the hexose transport (HXT1-HXT7). In this way, all the glucose or fructose will be used up by the first subpopulation. The first subpopulation will naturally convert glucose and fructose into ethanol. The gene (ADH2) responsible for the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde will be deleted from the first subpopulation, hence, it will to be able to metabolise ethanol produced and it will just secrete it to the medium. Since the second subpopulation is not able to metabolise sucrose, glucose or fructose it will use ethanol as it only carbon source. This ethanol will enter the TCA cycle and will eventually be converted into ethylene through EFE enzyme which will be introduced to the second subpopulation.
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