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| | <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> | | <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> |
| | <div class="item active"> | | <div class="item active"> |
| − | <center><img style="margin: 0 auto"src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/d/d3/Manhattan_College_Campus.jpeg" alt="Campus" width="1050" height="850"></center> | + | <center><img style="margin: 0 auto"src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/d/d3/Manhattan_College_Campus.jpeg" alt="Campus" width="1250" height="850"></center> |
| | <div class="carousel-caption"> | | <div class="carousel-caption"> |
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| − | <section class="bg-primary" id="about" style="background-image: url(https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQn0hGNkIEYYWp2ypfmPALQAp36e9vK6PIGsLKwNmVdo2PzQmPN1yo0Z__U); background-size: cover; background-position: center"> | + | <section class="bg-primary" id="about" style="background-image: url(https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/5/56/Manhattan_College_homepage_background.jpeg); background-size: cover; background-position: center"> |
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| − | <h2 style="color:#337ab7; font-family: Muli; font-size: 3em"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign" aria-hidden="true"></span> Combining Photosynthetic System with Electricity</h2> | + | <h2><font face="Tahoma" size="+4" color="#088A08">Combining Biological Cells with Electricity</h2> |
| − | <p>Our case is using [insert text].</p> | + | <p><font face="Tahoma" size="+2" color="#0B1907">Our case is using Glucose Oxidase</p> |
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| − | <object data="https://sketchfab.com/models/8369d9d8ca004aa3b994cb0e2f392471/embed" width="500px" height="300px">
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| − | <embed src="https://sketchfab.com/models/8369d9d8ca004aa3b994cb0e2f392471/embed"> </embed>
| + | <iframe style="width: 250px; height: 250px;" frameborder="0" src="https://embed.molview.org/v1/?mode=balls&cid=7027"></iframe> |
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| + | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/f/f4/Manhattan_College_Glucose_Oxidase_Rxn.png"style="display:block; margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" width="99%"> |
| − | </object> | + | <h4><font face="Tahoma" size="+2" color="#0B1907">Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid, by utilizing molecular oxygen as an electron acceptor with simultaneous production of hydrogen peroxide.</h4> |
| − | <h4 style="font-family:Raleway; display:block; margin-right:1em;text-align:center">[Insert sketch] <span class="text-muted">(3D Structure in Project Page)</span></h4>
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| − | <h6>[Insert sketch of glucose oxidase]
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| | <p><font face="Tahoma" color="#0B1907">An enzymatic biofuel cell is a type of biochemical cell that uses catalysts, specifically enzymes, to oxidize its fuel, in this case, glucose. In this project glucose oxidase from aspergillus niger is required at the anode, which is the cell in which oxidation occurs. The enzyme makes 24 electrons </p> | | <p><font face="Tahoma" color="#0B1907">An enzymatic biofuel cell is a type of biochemical cell that uses catalysts, specifically enzymes, to oxidize its fuel, in this case, glucose. In this project glucose oxidase from aspergillus niger is required at the anode, which is the cell in which oxidation occurs. The enzyme makes 24 electrons </p> |
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| − | <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/7/73/Bio_fuel_cell.jpeg " style="display:block; margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" width="50%"> | + | <center> <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/7/73/Bio_fuel_cell.jpeg" width="50%"> |
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| − | <div class="container-fluid" style="padding-top: 2em"> | + | |
| − | <div class="row"style="background-color:#CEF6D8; padding-top:1em; padding-bottom: 1em; padding-left:1.4em; padding-right:1.4em" >
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| − | <p><font face="Tahoma" size="+3" color="#088A08">E.coli Gone Electric: Glucose Oxidase Based Anodic Catalyst Mediated by Gold Nanowires for High Performance Microbial Fuel Cell</h2>
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| − | <p><font face="Tahoma" size="+1" color="#0B1907">
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| − | <b>Background:<b> Energy has become a necessity to sustain our society and to further its advancement. The depletion of fossil fuels and the need for clean electricity production has called attention to biofuel cells which convert chemical energy into electrical energy by electro enzymatic reactions. This source of energy is sustainable, renewable, and does not emit CO2. Conventional fuel cells are generally cost-ineffective in regards to energy production. In addition, once one of the active masses in a conventional fuel cell is fully consumed, the current-producing reaction ceases.
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| − | Many scientists have shown glucose powered biofuel cells to hold much promise. As a resource, glucose is energy dense, cost-efficient, and readily abundant. It also represents a clean source of power. The redox enzymes used to power biofuel cells are renewable and less expensive compared to the precious metal catalysts used in conventional fuel cells. In addition, these enzymes are optimized in neutral pH buffers, making them an attractive candidate to power ultralow power consuming implantable medical devices.
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| − | Glucose oxidase is a relatively large enzyme, with an average diameter of about 8 nm. This enzyme comes with both advantages and disadvantages. The enzyme has highly stable catalytic activity, most likely due to the fact that its redox center is insulated by a protein shell. The shell effectively buries the active site, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), in a deeply embedded protein matrix. As a result, glucose oxidase generally requires mediators such as nanotube based materials to achieve successful electron transfer to the electrode because of the long electron tunneling distances and the steric constraints. The two mediators that have been given the most attention are carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles because of their large active surface area and exceptional electrical properties. Carbon nanotube has been commonly used as a mediator for direct electron transfer from the FAD site within glucose oxidase because it lowers overpotential. Carbon nanotubes; however, are toxic to the human body and has hard immobilization with glucose oxidase molecules because of its hydrophobic feature. Gold nanoparticles (GNP) are not poisonous to the human body, and can aid long term stability of GOx molecules (Chung, Ahn, et al.)
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| − | </p>
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| − | <center><img src="https://preview.ibb.co/ee6uV5/IMG_8715.jpg" style="display:block; margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" width="30%">
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| − | <p><font face="Tahoma" size="+1" color="#0B1907">Our goal is to design an environmentally friendly, and efficient bioanode that will maximize electron shuttling using various glucose oxidase mutants derived from aspergillus niger. Additionally, we will try to take MtrCAB operons from shewanella to make E.coli electric in the presence of an anode with nanowires adhered to it which will connect to the shewanella nanowires. Increasing the efficiency of the overall biofuel cell will allow for many advances in the field of medicine, and technology. Biofuel cells can be used as portable power sources for miniaturized electronics, as well as self power implanted medical devices to improve health. For future research we hope to make this biofuel cell solar, cost effective, and to make clean energy a reality for all. </p>
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