View source for Team:IONIS-PARIS/hp/society-law-gmos

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  <h1 class="centered">
    <img class="logo-vigne no-shadow" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/f/fb/Ionis-paris-hp-team.jpg"></img>
    Society, Laws, & Gmo's <img class="logo-vigne no-shadow" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/f/fb/Ionis-paris-hp-team.jpg"></img>
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      <ul>
        <li><p><a href="#po"><u>Public opinion</u></a></p></li>
        <li><p><a href="#gmo"><u>GMO's Regulation</u></a></p></li>
        <li><p><a href="#im"><u>Interactive map</u></a></p></li>
        <li><p><a href="#dwe"><u>Dialogue with experts</u></a></p></li>
      </ul>
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         <h2 id="po" class="marged">Public Opinion</h2>
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              <h3 class= "blue-text">The objectives of the survey</h3>
              <p>These surveys will provide information to complement our
                <b>Interactive Map</b>. It will help to understand
                how GMOs are perceived by the general public, but also how people are
                informed and whether they feel concerned about the development of GMOs.
              </p>
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              <h3 class= "orange-text">The intended audience</h3>
              <p>
                Concerning the survey, the target audience is the
                <b>general population</b> in order to have
                a generalized perception of GMOs.
              </p>
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              <h3 class= "blue-text">Translation work</h3>
              <p>We translated our survey into
                <b>9 languages</b> to allow a maximum people to
                answer it. We made versions in: English, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian,
                Chinese, Japanese, German, Korean and Arabic. This was feasible thanks to
                our relatives and friends help but also a great investment of our team members.
              </p>
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          </div>
        </div>
      </div>

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              <h3 class= "orange-text">Distribution of the survey</h3>
              <p>The distribution of the survey was done through
                <b>iGEM teams</b>. They first had to complete the
                survey before sending it to their families and friends. Thanks to their help,
                we succeed to gather <b>more than 100 answers</b> for
                France and Brazil and around 80 answers for Mexico.
              </p>
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              <h3 class= "blue-text">The type of information to produce</h3>
              <ul>
                <li>The opinion of GMOs according to country, age or gender</li>
                <li>The <b>perception</b> of our product</li>
                <li>The relevance of our <b>Interactive Map</b>.</li>
              </ul>
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              <h3 class="blue-text">The conditions of satisfaction</h3>
              <p>We are looking for information  to answer the major problems found by the
                already existing websites on GMOs. We want to make our platform active and
                attractive for young, researchers and curious people.
                Our goal will be reached when our platform will inform about: An adequate
                definition of GMOs, news about GMOs (the advances in each sector for each
                country) , a  popularized regulation of GMO and a representative opinions.
              </p>
              <p>Consequently, a target of 100 answers is expected per country for each
                survey to enable us to build our online platform.
              </p>
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              <h3 class= "orange-text">The statistical analysis</h3>
              <p>As said above, we selected the surveys with around 100 answers. Also, 12
                out of the 23 questions were analysed to get the population opinion, to make
                hypothesis whether or not our project could be implemented in the country and
                to know if our interactive map was a special need to get more information about
                GMOs. Here are below the conclusions of the 3 surveys we analysed: France,
                Brazil and Mexico.
              </p>
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          <p>
            With no surprise, we found out that our “Softer Shock” product might struggle to find its place in France.
          </p>
          <p>
            Several results support this conclusion: firstly, 78% of the population think
            GMOs are not safe for the environment. Secondly, 144 out of 219 people (65.75%) were
            concerned by the eventual presence of GMOs in agriculture or environment.
            And finally, 44% of persons against the use of GMOs on crops to protect them
            from harsh temperatures.
          </p>
          <p>
            However, our interactive map project is in accordance with the population’s
            requirements. It meets the needs of 65% people that wish to develop their knowledge
            about GMOs.
          </p>
          <ul>
            <li>Get the full analysis with more details on our interactive map in clicking <a target="_blank" href="https://softer-shock-map.herokuapp.com/index.html">here</a></li>
          </ul>
        </div>
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          <p>
            In opposition with France, “Softer Shock” might succeed to find its place in Brazil.
          </p>
          <p>
            Several results support this conclusion: Firstly, 38% of the population think that GMOs
            are safe for the environment; Secondly, 49 out of 102 people (48%) are supporting the
            development and use of GMOs in agriculture or environment.
            And finally, the 75% of persons for the use of GMOs on crops to protect them from harsh
            temperatures.
          </p>
          <p>
            Moreover, our interactive map project is in accordance with the population’s requirements.
            It meets the needs of 90% people that wish to develop their knowledge about GMOs.
          </p>
          <ul>
            <li>Get the full analysis with more details on our interactive map in clicking <a target="_blank" href="https://softer-shock-map.herokuapp.com/index.html">here</a></li>
          </ul>
        </div>
        <div class="marged">
          <img class="no-shadow centered marged" style="width: 100px"src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/3/3b/Igem_ionis_-_brazil-_hp.png" alt="">
          <p>
            To balance the previous results, Mexico is more moderated regarding population opinion.
            Several results support this conclusion: Firstly, 50% of the population think that GMOs are
            not safe for the environment; Secondly, 45 out of 80 people (56%) are supporting the development
            and use of GMOs in agriculture or environment.
            And finally, the 84% of persons voting for the use of GMOs on crops to protect them from harsh
            temperatures.
          </p>
          <p>
            Moreover, our interactive map project is in accordance with the population’s requirements. It
            meets the needs of 90% people that wish to develop their knowledge about GMOs.
          </p>
          <ul>
            <li>Get the full analysis with more details on our interactive map in clicking <a target="_blank" href="https://softer-shock-map.herokuapp.com/index.html">here</a></li>
          </ul>
          <p>
            These 3 analysis give us a precise vision of the public opinion in the concerned countries.
            Regarding our interactive map, the objective was to work on different fields for 6 countries
            (USA, Taïwan, Spain, France, Mexico and Brazil). However, the lack of answers for 3 of them
            do not allow us to show representative results.
            From the public opinion follows the creation of laws and regulation of the country.
          </p>
          <p>
            If you want to know more about the regulations put in place by different governments, do not
            hesitate to read our “Law and regulation” part in clicking here.
            <a href="renvoyer vers page wiki- Law and regulation"></a>
          </p>
        </div>
      </div>
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          <h2 id="gmo" class="marged">GMO's Regulation</h2>
        </div>
        <hr>
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          <p>
            <video class="centered" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/1/13/Bosquet_video_-_Human_Practices.mp4" controls />
          </p>
        </div>

        <h3 class="marged"> Objectives</h3>
        <hr>
        <p> The objective of the data collection for the global regulation of GMO is to
          complete our interactive map. Also, we want to compare how GMOs are perceived by
          the government in different countries around the word and how they put into effect the regulation.
        </p>

        <h3 class="marged">Intended audience  </h3>
        <hr>
        <p>The public for the regulation of our project are mainly the population that want
          to discover easily the GMOs’ regulation of their country or in another one. This part
          can be useful to the future IGEM teams or for scientific researchers too, to see all
          the regulatory requirements to start a project in a country.
        </p>

        <h3 class="marged"> Data collect </h3>
        <hr>
        <p>To collect data for all countries, we consult: </p>
        <ul>
          <li>International Organism website (Food and Agriculture Organization of the
            United Nation, International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications, …)</li>
            <li>National Organism website (United State Department of Agriculture,
              the Library of Congress, …)</li>
              <li>National government website</li>
              <li>the Law of the country</li>
              <li>We asked IGEM team in the country for more information</li>
            </ul>

            <h3 class="marged"> The Regulation </h3>
            <hr>
            <p class="centered marged">Here are below the data collected about GMO's regulation from 6 countries: Brazil,
              China, France, Mexico, Spain, United States.</p>
              <div class="row">
                <div class="col-md-6">
                  <p><b>Brazil</b></p>
                  <p>Brazil is an open-minded country about the development of GMOs, despite
                    a strict law to limit the spreading of GMOs in the environment Brazil is one
                    of the major producer and exporter of GMO crops. Although, consumption of
                    genetically modified crops is legal the product need to be labeled as transgenic.<sup>1</sup>
                  </br>Besides, to protect the environment of the propagation of GMO, Brazil ratified the Cartagena
                  Protocol on Biosafety.<sup>2</sup> An international protocol of good conduct to protect
                  the environment.<sup>3</sup>
                </p>
              </div>
              <div class="col-md-6">
                <p><b>China</b></p>
                <p>This past years, China have enacted many laws on GMOs to boost their research
                  on biotechnology without neglect the environment and the human health. In this
                  optic, research on GMOs are facilitate but the cultivation and the commercialization
                  are strictly supervised. The consumption of modified crops is possible, but the
                  product has to present a label .<sup>4, 5</sup>
                </br>The Cartagena protocol was also ratified by China.<sup>2</sup>
              </p>
            </div>
          </div>
          <hr>
          <div class="row">
            <div class="col-md-6">
              <p><b>France</b></p>
              <p>France has a really strict law on GMO, in addition to the European law,
                France enacts other laws to restrict their utilization. Due to the unfavorable
                opinion public opinion on the subject, there is no GMO cultivation in France
                except for some scientific research and the consumption of transgenic product
                is practically inexistent despite a flexible law on the subject.<sup>6, 7</sup>
              </br>The Cartagena protocol was also ratified by France.<sup>2</sup>
            </p>
          </div>
          <div class="col-md-6">
            <p><b>Mexico</b></p>
            <p>Mexico’s Law on GMO, privilege the right use of safety during the manipulation of it.
              Many reports are required on the identification, the evaluations and the strategies
              planned to counter the spreads of GMO in the environment. Despite this safety, Mexico
              produce many type of GMOs and the law for the consumption of modified crops specify that a
              transgenic product did not require a specific label unless special condition.<sup>8, 9</sup>
            </br>The Cartagena protocol was also ratified by Mexico.<sup>2</sup>
          </p>
        </div>
      </div>
      <hr>
      <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-6">
          <p><b>Spain</b></p>
          <p>Unlike France, Spain is an open-minded European country about GMOs. It is the
            biggest producer of GMO crops in Europe. Like France, Spain must follow the European law
            on GMO, but the country also enacts their own law for the research and production of GMO.
            In the other hand, for their consumption, Spain only follow the European recommendation.<sup>10, 11</sup>
          </br>The Cartagena protocol was also ratified by Spain. <sup>2</sup>
        </p>
      </div>
      <div class="col-md-6">
        <p><b>United State</b></p>
        <p>The United States are the biggest producer of GMO thanks to a different
          point of view from the society, government and economy of the country. In the
          United States most GMOs are considered as safe for the human health. This point
          of view facilitates companies and individuals to produce and consume GMO than in
          other countries. Indeed, GMOs are considered as a food additive by the US law and
          not as a biologic product.<sup>4, 12</sup>
        </br>In this optic, the United States did not ratify the Cartagena Protocol
        on Biosafety to protect the environment of the propagation of GMO.<sup>2</sup>
      </p>
    </div>
  </div>
  <p class="marged">During this data collect, we saw different point of view on GMOs. We only focus
    on 6 countries, but we want to continue filling out the interactive map to have a
    global overview of the different regulation in the world. Afterward, we were curious
    about different applications of synthetic biology on these countries and how companies
    and scientific researchers adapt their work to their country regulation. Click on the
    link to see these applications.
  </p>

  <h3 class="marged">References </h3>
  <hr>
  <p><sup>1</sup><a target= "_blank" href="http://isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/52/download/isaaa-brief-52-2016.pdf">
    ISAAA. 2016. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2016. ISAAA Brief No. 52. ISAAA: Ithaca, NY.</a>
  </p>
  <p><sup>2</sup><a target= "_blank" href=" https://www.cbd.int/information/parties.shtml#tab=1">
    Convention on Biological Diversity</a></p>
    <p><sup>3</sup><a target= "_blank" href="  https://www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cartagena-protocol-en.pdf">
      Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, éd. Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity: Text and Annexes. Montreal: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2000.</a> </p>
      <p><sup>4</sup><a target= "_blank" href="  http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213453016300076">
        Wong, Alice Yuen-Ting, et Albert Wai-Kit Chan. « Genetically Modified Foods in China and the United States: A Primer of Regulation and Intellectual Property Protection ». Food Science and Human Wellness 5, no 3 (septembre 2016): 124‑40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2016.03.002.</a></p>
        <p><sup>5</sup><a target= "_blank" href=" http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311915611091">
          Kou, Jian-ping, Qiao-ling Tang, et Xian-fa Zhang. « Agricultural GMO Safety Administration in China ». Journal of Integrative Agriculture 14, no 11 (novembre 2015): 2157‑65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(15)61109-1.</a></p>
          <p><sup>6</sup><a target= "_blank" href=" https://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Agricultural%20Biotechnology%20Annual_Paris_France_6-29-2017.pdf">
            FAS Paris, France - Agricultural Biotechnology Annual, USDA, 2016</a></p>
            <p><sup>7</sup><a target= "_blank" href=" https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000019066077&dateTexte=&categorieLien=id">
              Law n° 2008-595 of 25th June 2008 relatives to geneticaly modified organisms</a></p>
              <p><sup>8</sup><a target= "_blank" href="  https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/4-626">
                Zeind A. et al, Agricultural law in Mexico: overview, 2016</a></p>
                <p><sup>9</sup><a target= "_blank" href=" http://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LBOGM.pdf">
                  Law of the official federation diary of 18th March 2005, law of biosecurity on genetically modified organisms</a></p>
                  <p><sup>10</sup><a target= "_blank" href=" https://books.google.fr/books?id=U8htC86rSmUC&pg=PA179&lpg=PA179&dq=spain+Law+9/2003&source=bl&ots=9TDDPoAYGw&sig=BTMf0iTLlAk4I1RKkZBk3rgRKjg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiVksWTyobXAhUoIMAKHQlZAcEQ6AEIWTAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false">
                    Bodiguel, Luc, et Michael Cardwell, éd. The Regulation of Genetically Modified Organisms: Comparative Approaches. Oxford University Press, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199542482.001.0001.</a></p>
                    <p><sup>11</sup><a target= "_blank" href=" https://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Agricultural%20Biotechnology%20Annual_Madrid_Spain_11-4-2016.pdf">
                      Guerrero Marta, Spain - Agricultural Biotechnology Annual, USDA, 2016</a></p>
                      <p><sup>12</sup><a target= "_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26536836">
                        Yang, Y. Tony, et Brian Chen. « Governing GMOs in the USA: Science, Law and Public Health: Governing GMOs in the USA ». Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 96, no 6 (avril 2016): 1851‑55. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7523.</a></p>

                      </div>
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                       <div class="colored-container">
                        <h2 id="im" class="marged">Interactive map</h2>
                       </div>
                        <hr>
                        <div class="video">
                          <p>
                            <video class="centered" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/9/98/Human_practices_-_Society%2C_law_and_GMO_-_Website_-Video_milanovic_-.mp4" controls />
                          </p>
                        </div>

                        <h2> Objectives </h2>
                        <hr>

                        <p> We wanted to understand how society perceive GMOs in the world and where our project Softer Shock will be more suitable to be develop. Our goal is to share and communicate a maximum of information to know how GMOs work around the world in an attractive, objective and funny way. The map was designed with the help of iGEM teams through surveys (go to “Dialogue and Education” to see the survey analysis) to respond to society’s need for information and to be open source to everyone (researchers, entrepreneurs, iGEM teams, and the general public).
                        </p>

                        <p>The first step to creating these surveys was to identify the key issues through a review of current sources of information on GMOs addressed to the general public. The second step was to translate the survey into several languages with the help of friends and family and distribute it around the world.
                        </p>

                        <p>Several iGEM teams helped us to distribute the surveys in their country. Thanks to them we collected answers from all over the world and got more than 100 responses from key countries such as Mexico, France, Spain, and Brazil. We used these four countries to gauge the major needs of a society with respect to GMOs and develop a general approach for other countries.
                        </p>

                        <p> The results also reflect the historical and current-events context in health, environment, and agriculture sectors, as well as reactions of regulations and safety directives in place in these countries.
                        </p>

                        <p>We reviewed the GMO safety and application regulations in 6 countries: Spain, France, Mexico, Brazil, China, and USA. We didn’t analyse the surveys for China, USA, and Spain because there were not enough answers. We also reviewed the current state of GMO deployment in these countries.
                        </p>

                        <br>
                        <h2 class="centered" style="margin: 0"> How was the interactive map coded?</h2>

                        <br>
                        <h3>A few words from our computer engineer</h3>
                        <hr>

                        <p>
                          The online interactive map collects and displays the results of our international GMO survey about. The website was made with Bootstrap, JavaScript, and JQuery, while the map itself is displayed using D3.js.
                        </p>

                        <p>
                          The smooth slide scrolling effects were achieved using the One Page Scroll library, and all animations are pure CSS.
                        </p>

                        <img class="marged centered" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/a/ab/Ionis-paris-map-screenshot.jpg" width="70%">
                        <p class="centered"><b><a target="_blank" href="https://softer-shock-map.herokuapp.com/index.html">Click here</a>to see the interactive map</b></p>
                        <p>Working on these countries allowed us to be in a direct contact with their iGEM teams. Some of these countries also encountered problems from climate change that affects vineyards in Mexico, Spain and Greece (which is not yet represented on the map).
                        </p>

                        <p>They spoke with us by Skype and distributed our survey among the winemakers in order to understand how they deal with climate change and introduce Softer Shock as a potential solution. Most of them gave advice for French vineyards on which techniques should be used. To find out more go to “Dialogue with Experts”.
                        </p>

                      </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="row">
                      <div class="col-md-12">
                       <div class="colored-container">
                        <h2 id="dwe" class="marged">Dialogue with experts</h2>
                       </div>
                        <hr>
                        <h2 class="centered">Integration of Softer Shock in the world of industry</h2>

                          <p>Our team needed a deeper understanding of how our project can be developed industrially. We interviewed experts in plant protection, law, and economics to understand the effect that softer shock would have in the business world. For each meeting we add the link of the full transcript which you can read below each paragraph.</p>
                        <br>
                        <div class="row">
                          <div class="col-md-8">

                            <h2>1- Discussion about the interactive map with Mr Tarnowski - Swiper CEO - 07/26/2017</h2>

                            <p> We met Mr Tarnovsky, CEO of Swiper. As he has valuable knowledge about websites and data, we organized a meeting during the summer. </p>

                            <p> The idea of the interactive map was discussed and what we needed to do so it becomes a valuable tool that can help a lot of people. The aspects highlighted were the importance and the ways to get data. It was advised to build a prototype of the map so we could assess the behaviour of the user. it was suggested that the prototype must contain a limited amount of countries such as the one belonging to the G20 group.Datas must be collected from the prototype so that the project can answer to the visitor’s need. In order to get those datas, the prototype would display a restricted amount of information and the website would be fully accessible only when the survey is filled. This ensure the degree of data filling. Other ways include offering visibility and advertising from partners.</p>
                            <ul>
                              <p><li>To see this interview click on <a target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/4/4a/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Meeting_Swiper_Good_CEO.pdf">this link</a></p></li>
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                            <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/c/c7/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Meeting_Swiper_CEO.png" width="90%" style="float: right">
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                            <h2>2- Regulation and laws conversation with the Haut Conseils des Biotechnologies (HCB) - 09/26/2017</h2>

                            <p> We met Mr Pujol and Mr Rémondet: “Scientific officers” at HBC to enlighten us on all questions concerning GMOs. The HCB is responsible for informing the public decision. It advises us on all matters of biotechnology, including genetically modified organisms (GMOs).</p>

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                            <p class="marged"> During this interview, we presented our project to our interlocutors to know their point of view and to get advice to improve our presentation. We particularly discussed about some techniques to do “GMOs” accepted by the laws by using New Plants Breeding Techniques. They also help us to place our project in a GMO category for the society security.</p>
                            <p> To finish, they encourage us to continue to be engage with farmers and consumers  because they will helps us to integrate SofterShock in the society.
                              <ul>
                                <p><li>To see this interview click on <a target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/7/71/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_HBC_Meeting_good.pdf">this link</a></p></li>
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                              <h2>3- Discussion with Mrs Françoise Roure economist in the biotechnology field - 05/17/2017</h2>

                              <p> Mrs Roure is an economist, chair of the Committee "Safety, Security and Risks" and Ministry of Economy in France. The goal of this meeting was to discussed about  the place of synthetic biology in the current economy context.</p>
                              <p> Our interview with Mrs. Roure was at the beginning of our iGEM adventure! She helped us build our human practices and advised us to address certain point such as the toxicological study or the sustainable soil development. We also discussed a long time about the killswitch system and she gives us some idea to develop one.</p>
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                              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/c/cf/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Meeting_Roure_ph.jpeg" width="100%">
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                              <p> Mrs Roure has been very helpful for this aspect of the competition. She found us many contacts in order to have the the best expertise for our project. </p>
                              <ul>
                                <p><li>To see this interview click on <a target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/6/67/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Roure_Meeting.pdf">this link</a></p></li>
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                              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/6/62/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Meeting_Pommaret_ph.jpeg" width="100%">
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                              <h2>4- Plant protection conversation at UIPP with Mrs  Eugénia Pommaret - 09/12/2017</h2>

                              <p> The goal of this meeting was to talk about the plant protection and specifically on the regulation and the communication around the agricultural world. This company called IUPP worked on the development of good practices for farmers. Eugénia Pommaret the executive director of UIPP (union of industry for the protection of the plant)  met us in order to help us in the elaboration of our project softer shock. </p>
                              <p> She advised us to look at the European regulations because it will define what our biological solution is. Currently, winegrowers are using pheromones produced by genetically modified bacteria. This technique is completely allowed in France and we can try to follow this example in order to place our biological solution on the French market.</p>
                              <ul>
                                <p><li>To see this interview click on <a target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/f/fb/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Meeting_POMMARET.pdf">this link</a></p></li>
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                              <h2>5- Plant protection conversation with Mr Bocquet Director of the European Crop Protection Association (ECPA) - 07/12/2017</h2>

                              <p> The goal of this meeting was to talk about the plant protection with Mr Bocquet former director of the European Crop Protection Association. He helped us to enhance our presentation and gives us pieces of advice such as emphasizing the cold shock part as a marketing priority (for vineyards, specifically).</p>
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                              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/4/48/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Meeting_BOCQUET_ph.jpeg" width="100%">
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                              <p> Mr Bocquet has been very helpful for the human practices part of the iGEM competition. He provide us contacts in order to have the best expertise for our project.</p>
                              <ul>
                                <p><li>To see this interview click on <a target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/1/19/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Meeting_BOCQUET.pdf">this link</a></p></li>
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                              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/9/92/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Meeting_PAUTHIER_ph.png" width="100%">
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                              <h2>6- Climate change conversation with Mr Pauthier working as terroir Project Manager at Comité champagne - 07/01/2017</h2>

                              <p> The goal of this interview was to understand the main climate changes affecting the vineyard in France. We discussed about the dangers of cold temperature and also how winemakers can reduce the impact of frost with the help of particular devices.</p>
                              <p> This year, the frost during the spring resulted in a loss of 70% of the grapevines in the region of Bordeaux and a loss of 25% in Champagne. Several techniques to counter these losses are used by professionals in this sector. However it is often expensive and water consuming.</p>
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                              <p class="marged">At the end of the meeting, Mr Pauthier offers to us the possibility to do some experimentation in their institution. If the proof of concept is successful, a partnership will be done between the iGEM Paris Ionis team and the Comité Champagne in order to perform some tests in the field.</p>
                              <ul>
                                <p><li>To see this interview click on <a target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/9/9f/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Meeting_PAUTHIER.pdf">this link</a></p></li>
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                              <h2>7- Climate change conversation with Mrs Sylviane Leplatre engineer in agronomy and oenologist giving advice to the winemakers in the region of Paris - 08/17/17</h2>

                              <p> The goal of this interview was to understand the main climate changes affecting the vineyard in France and more specifically the south of  France affected by very hot summer. We discussed about the dangers of cold and hot temperature and also how winemakers can reduce the impact of frost and heat with the help of particular devices.</p>
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                              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/9/94/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Meeting_Leplatre_ph.jpeg" width="100%">
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                              <p> Mrs Leplatre think that our project is a good idea because global warming affecting the vineyards are the problem of the year. It was the first time that the south of the France has suffered from frost. There has been 10 % to 15% less production this year because of hail, frost or drought.</p>
                              <p> As long as your product has no impact on health, she sees no inconvenience in advising the vine growers to use this solution on their vineyards. She also give us some advice on our product. If our solution are working on the vine it will be necessary to irrigate the vineyard in addition because the soil will be dry too and it will be not enough to have only our solution.</p>
                              <ul>
                                <p><li>To see this interview click on <a target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/e/ec/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Meeting_Leplatre.pdf">this link</a></p></li>
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                              <h2>8- Plant care discussion with  Agrauxine - 09/05/2017</h2>

                              <p> The 5th of September we were invited by Agrauxine the business unit of the group LESAFRE PLANT CARE. They are specialise in the development of products from microorganisms for crop protection. </p>
                              <p> We had the opportunity to met with Mrs. PROFIZI CAMILLE (R&D director), Mr. RONAN KEMPF (Marketing and Development director) and Mrs.GARRIGUES CHRISTELLE (R&D representative from Lesaffre in Angers).</p>
                              <p>We presented our project to our interlocutors to know their point of view and to get pieces of advice to improve our presentation.</p>
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                              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/2/2b/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Meeting_Agrauxine_ph.png" width="100%">
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                              <p>They were very interested in our project and gave us some tips, to present the project to others companies in the same field, what we should delve deeper such as the safety and applied design part about our project and what we should conceal  or place in the middle of the presentation to avoid troubles especially in France such as the term GMO and direct contact with the environment. Unfortunately they weren’t able to finance the project due to the company image in France but in exchange they put us in contact with several experts in the French Agriculture regulation like the ANSES and the contact of someone in the United States GMO regulation.</p>
                              <p>It was a very pleasant experience, to talk to professionals in the plant care, have their opinion about SofterShock and share scientific knowledge. We certainly developed our professional communication skills!</p>
                              <ul>
                                <p><li>To see this interview click on <a target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/7/78/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Meeting_Agrauxine.pdf">this link</a></p></li>
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                              <h2>9- Plant protection conversation with Syngenta - 10/02/2017</h2>

                              <p>The 10th of october, we were invited by Syngenta a biotechnology company that conducts genomic research. We met Mrs Lebas Marie-Cecile (Public Affairs Director) Mr Thevenot Xavier (Strategic Cooperation Director)  and Michel Petit (R&D Head).</p>
                              <p>The goal of this interview was to talk about our project in order to improve it.They were very interested in our project and gave us some tips, to present the project at the Giant jamboree in November. They help us to understand which part of our presentation needed to be clearly explain such as the R&D and safety part. We also re-think about the real interest for farmers to have a thermo-sensitive and autonomous system.</p>
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                              <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/c/cf/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Meeting_Syngenta_ph.jpeg" width="100%">
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                              <p>For future perspectives, we talked in a second part about how we can limit the regulation problems by transforming an organism and then induce a horizontal gene transfer to our chassis (directed mutagenesis).</p>
                              <p><li>To see this interview click on <a target="_blank" href="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/3/3a/HP-_law%2C_society_and_GMOs_-_Dialogue_with_experts_-_Meeting_Syngenta.pdf">this link</a></p></li>
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