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| − | <div id="bioS_what" class="content-div">
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| − | <center><h2>What are Biosensors?</h1></center>
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| − | Biosensors tend to be defined as devices which are capable of detecting the presence or absence of specific analytes/targets, and which utilise biological components [REF]. Our project focuses specifically on biosensors which use genetic circuits to convert the presence or absence of a target molecule/condition into a reporter. <br />
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| − | A target molecule or condition can be detected in many different ways. Two commonly used mechanisms are transcription factor binding, where the target molecule either activates or represses a TF to regulate expression from a promoter, and riboswitches where a target molecule can repress or activate translation of a gene [REFs]. This 'detection' part of biosensors can be derived either <i>de novo</i>, or from natural sensing mechanisms which are found ubiquitously in organisms. For example, the PhoPQ two-component system in <i>Pseudomonas aerugionsa</i> is able to detect many inputs, such as low pH and high magnesium ion concentrations [REF]. Therefore, this native sensing mechanism could be used as a starting point for the development of biosensors. <br />
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| − | The reporter has a variety of forms, from fluorescence proteins to enzymes to effectors. Typically, the reporter will be something that is easily visualised without specialised equipment (e.g. chromoproteins or fluorescent proteins which can be seen with the naked eye), or an output which can be recognised by an electronic device and quantified (e.g. a change in pH).
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| − | <img src="">Biosensor image</img>
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| − | <center><h2>Why are Biosensors Useful?</h2></center>
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| − | <center><h2>Applications of Biosensors</h2></center>
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| − | <center><h2>What are the roadblocks to biosensor use?</h2></center>
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| − | We aim to produce a toolbox that can be used to construct biosensors. This toolbox will contain devices which can be used to construct biosensors. As the toolbox will contain various devices, as well as chassis, several properties and functionalities for biosensors are possible. To assist with design and development the toolbox will contain in silico tools.<br />
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| − | We also aim to develop a biosensor development technique which allows easy and rapid development and testing of biosensor variants. Each device in our toolbox can be expressed in a separate cell and co-cultured with other cells expressing different devices to produce a functional biosensor. For example, three cell strains expressing an inducible promoter (detector device), a signal amplification device (processing device), and a fluorescent protein (reporter device) can be co-cultured together to make a biosensor. Devices in each cell will communicate through the use of 'connectors', which take the form of quorum sensing molecules.<br />
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| − | To surpass beyond the lab we want to contribute to the biological community. We aim to highlight the need for our toolbox, by conducting an investigation into the progression of biosensors from research to distribution, as well as the availability of and demand for biosensors. How often biosensors successfully progress from design to distribution, and identification of and issues encountered at each stage of this progression will be investigated, and the results implemented into the toolbox, aiming to help overcome these issues.
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