Difference between revisions of "Safety/Risk Groups"
| Line 93: | Line 93: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="clear extra_space"></div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="line_divider"></div> | ||
| + | <div class="clear extra_space"></div> | ||
Revision as of 15:58, 9 January 2017
Risk Groups
iGEM teams are not permitted to use Risk Group 3 or 4 organisms, or to work in Safety Level 3 or 4 laboratories.
Microorganisms are classified into four Risk Groups, and biological laboratories are classified into four corresponding Safety Levels. Risk Group 1 contains non-pathogenic organisms like yeast and E. coli K-12. The majority of iGEM teams use only Risk Group 1 organisms. Some teams use Risk Group 2 organisms.
| Risk Group 1 | Risk Group 2 | Risk Group 3 | Risk Group 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Examples | E. coli K-12, S. cerevisiae (yeast), Lactobacillus, B. subtilis | Streptococcus, Herpes virus, most mammalian cell lines | Yersinia pestis (black plague), HIV, SARS virus | Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Lassa virus |
| Description | Risk Group 1 organisms do not cause disease in healthy adult humans. | Risk Group 2 organisms can cause disease in humans, but the disease is treatable or preventable. | Risk Group 3 organisms cause serious disease in humans. Treatments and vaccines for these diseases may exist. | Risk Group 4 organisms cause deadly disease in humans, and they can easily travel from one person to another. No treatments or vaccines exist for these diseases. |
| Lab Safety Level | Safety Level 1 | Safety Level 2 | Safety Level 3 | Safety Level 4 |
| Typical Lab Photo |  |
 |
 |
 |
| Typical Work Area | Open bench | Biosafety cabinet / laminar flow hood | Class 3 biosafety cabinet | Full isolation suits |
| Permitted in iGEM | Not permitted in iGEM | |||
What if we want to use a Risk Group 3 or 4 organism?
Don't do it. Find a substitute.
Risk Groups 3 and 4 include the most serious and deadly pathogens in the world. They require extremely stringent safety precautions and specialized lab facilities. There is no compelling reason for any iGEM team to choose to work with Risk Group 3 or 4 organisms, when instead you could choose from the vast array of interesting project topics that use only Risk Group 1 or 2 organisms.
Using safer substitutes for dangerous organisms is entirely appropriate for iGEM. For example, the 2013 Paris Bettencourt team studied tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a Risk Group 3 organism, so for safety reasons, they substituted a related Risk Group 2 organism (Mycobacterium smegmatis) in their experiments. These experiments were a proof of principle for their project ideas.
Animals and plants have no Risk Group
The four Risk Groups only apply to microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses). For animals, plants, and other multicellular organisms, there are different safety guidelines. Please consult with your advisor or university authorities if you plan to do experiments with animals and plants.
If you are using a part from an animal or plant, you should consider the function of the part, and consider whether it might be dangerous to humans. For example, the gene for Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) comes from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria, which does not have a Risk Group. GFP is only a fluorescent protein, absorbing and emitting light, so it is safe for humans and you can use it in a Safety Level 1 lab. But if you consider a different gene from A. victoria, such as the gene for the toxin in its stinging tentacles, you might conclude that you should only use that gene under strict safety conditions!
How can I find out the Risk Group of my organism?
1. Common iGEM organisms
| Species | Risk Group |
|---|---|
| E. coli K-12 and derivatives (DH5alpha, TOP10, etc.) | 1 |
| S. cerevisiae | 1 |
| Most human and mammal cell lines | 2 |
| Lactobacillus spp. | 1 |
| Bacillus subtilis | 1 |
2. Other Reliable Sources
If you cannot find your species in any of the recommended sources, you must find another reliable source. There may be a paper in the peer-reviewed scientific literature that describes your species. Your country's government might have its own list of microorganisms and their Risk Groups.
For help finding a reliable source, you can consult your advisor, or speak to the biosafety authorities of your university. You can also contact <safety AT igem DOT org> for help.
