Difference between revisions of "Team:ZJU-China/Project/Downstream"
Zhiling Zhou (Talk | contribs) |
Zhiling Zhou (Talk | contribs) |
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<html lang="zh-CN"> | <html lang="zh-CN"> | ||
| − | + | <head> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
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| − | + | ||
| − | <script> | + | <link href="https://2017.igem.org/Zju/css/bootstrap?action=raw&ctype=text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen" /> |
| − | + | <link href="https://2017.igem.org/Zju/css/bootstraptheme?action=raw&ctype=text/css" rel="stylesheet" id="bs-theme-stylesheet"> | |
| − | </script> | + | <link href="https://2017.igem.org/Zju/css/docs/min?action=raw&ctype=text/css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> |
| − | + | <!-- <link href="css/doc-style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> --> | |
| + | <link href="https://2017.igem.org/Zju/css/doc-style?action=raw&ctype=text/css" rel="stylesheet"> | ||
| + | <link href="https://2017.igem.org/Zju/css/responsive/min?action=raw&ctype=text/css" rel="stylesheet"> | ||
| + | <!-- 按钮的字体 --> | ||
| + | <link href='https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/cs/font?action=raw&ctype=text/css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> | ||
| + | <!-- 按钮的字体end --> | ||
| + | <script> | ||
| + | var _hmt = _hmt || []; | ||
| + | </script> | ||
| + | <script src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/8/85/ZJUChina_js_docsmin.txt?action=raw&ctype=text/javascript"></script> | ||
| + | </head> | ||
<style> | <style> | ||
| − | /*Override default CSS*/ | + | /*Override default CSS*/ |
| − | #sideMenu, #top_title {display:none;} | + | #sideMenu, #top_title {display:none;} |
| − | #content { padding:0px; width:100%; margin-top:-7px; margin-left:0px;background-color: transparent;} | + | #content { padding:0px; width:100%; margin-top:-7px; margin-left:0px;background-color: transparent;} |
| − | /* set all basic objects to neutral formatting*/ | + | /* set all basic objects to neutral formatting*/ |
| − | html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, caption { | + | html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, b, u, i, center, dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, fieldset, form, label, legend, caption { |
| − | + | margin: 0; | |
| − | + | padding: 0; | |
| − | + | border: 0; | |
| − | + | outline: 0; | |
| − | + | font-size: 100%; | |
| − | + | vertical-align: baseline; | |
| − | + | background: transparent; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | #globalWrapper { | + | #globalWrapper { |
| − | + | margin: 0; | |
| − | + | padding: 0; | |
| − | + | border: 0; | |
| − | + | outline: 0; | |
| − | + | font-size: 100%; | |
| − | + | vertical-align: baseline; | |
| − | + | background: transparent; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | /* set page to fill window*/ | + | /* set page to fill window*/ |
| − | html{ | + | html{ |
| − | + | height: 100%; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | body { | + | body { |
| − | + | min-height: 100%; | |
| − | + | background-color: #FFFFFF; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | #content_wrapper { | + | #content_wrapper { |
| − | + | position: relative; | |
| − | + | top: 0px; | |
| − | + | left: 0px; | |
| − | + | margin: 0px; | |
| − | + | width: 100%; | |
| − | + | height: 100%; | |
| − | + | text-align:center; | |
| − | + | background-color: #FFFFFF; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | #content_wrapper p { | + | #content_wrapper p { |
| − | + | font-family: 'Yanone Kaffeesatz',Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | #content_wrapper a { | + | #content_wrapper a { |
| − | + | color:#004789; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | #footer { | + | #footer { |
| − | + | position:absolute; | |
| − | + | bottom: 0px; | |
| − | + | left: 0px; | |
| − | + | width: 100%; | |
| − | + | margin-top: 0px; | |
| − | + | margin-bottom: 20px; | |
| − | + | background-color: #FFFFFF; | |
| − | + | text-align: center; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .center { | + | .center { |
| − | + | width: 60%; | |
| − | + | margin-top: 16px; | |
| − | + | min-width: 500px; | |
| − | + | padding-bottom:32px; | |
| − | + | display: inline-block; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .TextContent { | + | .TextContent { |
| − | + | text-align: left; | |
| − | + | vertical-align: baseline; | |
| − | + | font-size: 0.875em; | |
| − | + | font-family:'Yanone Kaffeesatz', verdana, sans-serif; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .TextContent h1{ | + | .TextContent h1{ |
| − | + | text-align: center; | |
| − | + | font-size: 1.5rem; | |
| − | + | margin-bottom: 1em; | |
| − | + | margin-top: 0.2em; | |
| − | + | color: #3399ff; | |
| − | + | font-family:'Yanone Kaffeesatz', verdana, sans-serif; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .TextContent h2{ | + | .TextContent h2{ |
| − | + | line-height: 1.6; | |
| − | + | margin-bottom: 0em; | |
| − | + | margin-top: 1em; | |
| − | + | text-align: left; | |
| − | + | font-family:'Yanone Kaffeesatz', verdana, sans-serif; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .TextContent p{ | + | .TextContent p{ |
| − | + | margin-bottom: 1.2em; | |
| − | + | font-family:'Yanone Kaffeesatz', verdana, sans-serif; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .Page_Wide { | + | .Page_Wide { |
| − | + | width:100%; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .Quarter_Image { | + | .Quarter_Image { |
| − | + | width:25%; | |
| − | + | max-height:250px; | |
| − | + | float:left; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .Quarter_Image img { | + | .Quarter_Image img { |
| − | + | display:block; | |
| − | + | margin:auto; | |
| − | + | max-height: 250px; | |
| − | + | width: auto; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .SocialMediaIconWrapper { | + | .SocialMediaIconWrapper { |
| − | + | width:100%; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .SocialMediaIcon { | + | .SocialMediaIcon { |
| − | + | width:4%; | |
| − | + | height:auto; | |
| − | + | margin-left:20px; | |
| − | + | display: inline-block; | |
| − | + | float:left; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .SocialMediaIcon img{ | + | .SocialMediaIcon img{ |
| − | + | max-width:100%; | |
| − | + | height:auto | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .TeamImage { | + | .TeamImage { |
| − | + | width:100%; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .TeamImage img { | + | .TeamImage img { |
| − | + | max-width:100%; | |
| − | + | height:auto | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .sponsors { | + | .sponsors { |
| − | + | width: 100%; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .sponsor_row { | + | .sponsor_row { |
| − | + | width: 100%; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .sponsor_img { | + | .sponsor_img { |
| − | + | width: 16.6666667%; | |
| − | + | float:left; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .sponsor_img img{ | + | .sponsor_img img{ |
| − | + | max-width:100%; | |
| − | + | height:auto | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .clear { | + | .clear { |
| − | + | clear:both; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .clear.extra_space { | + | .clear.extra_space { |
| − | + | height: 20px; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .line_divider { | + | .line_divider { |
| − | + | border-top: 1px solid #d3d3d3; | |
| − | + | width: 98%; | |
| − | + | margin: auto; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .copyright{ | + | .copyright{ |
| − | + | color: #888888; | |
| − | + | font-size: 13px; | |
| − | + | text-align: center !important; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .copyright a{ | + | .copyright a{ |
| − | + | color: #d2ebe3; | |
| − | + | border-bottom: dotted 1px #a5d8c7; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | .PP { | + | .PP { |
| − | + | font-family: georgia; | |
| − | + | font-size: 20px; | |
| − | + | font-weight: 100; | |
| − | + | text-align: left; | |
| − | } | + | line-height: 35px; |
| + | } | ||
| − | /*文中自定义*/ | + | /*文中自定义*/ |
| − | .CuteButton:active { | + | .CuteButton:active { |
| − | + | color:white !important; | |
| − | + | -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 3px 0px rgba(0,52,63,1), 0px 3px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.9); | |
| − | + | -moz-box-shadow: 0px 3px 0px rgba(0,52,63,1), 0px 3px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.9); | |
| − | + | box-shadow: 0px 3px 0px rgba(0,52,63,1), 0px 3px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.9); | |
| − | + | position: relative; | |
| − | } | + | top: 6px; |
| + | } | ||
| − | . | + | .CuteButton:visited { |
| − | + | color:white !important; | |
| − | + | -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 3px 0px rgba(0,52,63,1), 0px 3px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.9); | |
| − | + | -moz-box-shadow: 0px 3px 0px rgba(0,52,63,1), 0px 3px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.9); | |
| − | + | box-shadow: 0px 3px 0px rgba(0,52,63,1), 0px 3px 6px rgba(0,0,0,.9); | |
| − | } | + | position: relative; |
| + | top: 6px; | ||
| + | } | ||
| − | . | + | .YellowCB { |
| − | + | background-color: rgba(254,196,62,1); | |
| − | + | -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 9px 0px rgba(245,253,202,1), 0px 9px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.7); | |
| − | + | -moz-box-shadow: 0px 9px 0px rgba(245,253,202,1), 0px 9px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.7); | |
| − | + | box-shadow: 0px 9px 0px rgba(245,253,202,1), 0px 9px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.7); | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | . | + | .GreenCB { |
| − | + | background-color: rgba(25,148,117,1); | |
| − | + | -webkit-box-shadow: 0px 9px 0px rgba(4,77,34,1), 0px 9px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.7); | |
| − | + | -moz-box-shadow: 0px 9px 0px rgba(4,77,34,1), 0px 9px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.7); | |
| − | + | box-shadow: 0px 9px 0px rgba(4,77,34,1), 0px 9px 25px rgba(0,0,0,.7); | |
| − | } | + | } |
| + | .SmallCB { | ||
| + | font-size: 1.5em; | ||
| + | margin-left: 2px; | ||
| + | padding: 2px 10px ; | ||
| + | width: 100px; | ||
| + | } | ||
| − | |||
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| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | . | + | .ArticleHead{ |
| − | + | font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC',georgia !important; | |
| − | + | font-size: 40px !important; | |
| − | + | font-weight: 800 !important; | |
| − | + | color: #56A36C !important; | |
| − | } | + | text-align: center !important; |
| + | margin-bottom: 0 !important; | ||
| + | margin-top: .6em !important; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | .H3Head{ | ||
| + | font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC',georgia !important; | ||
| + | color: #FEC43E !important; | ||
| + | font-size: 25px !important; | ||
| + | font-weight: 400 !important; | ||
| + | text-align: left !important; | ||
| + | margin-bottom: 0 !important; | ||
| + | margin-top:.6em !important; | ||
| + | } | ||
| − | . | + | .PP{ |
| − | + | font-family:Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif !important; | |
| − | } | + | font-size: 20px !important; |
| + | font-weight: 100 !important; | ||
| + | text-align: left !important; | ||
| + | } | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | . | + | .Retract{ |
| − | + | padding-left: 50px; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | . | + | .GreenAH{ |
| − | + | color: #56A36C; | |
| − | + | } | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | } | + | |
| − | . | + | .YellowAH{ |
| − | { | + | color: #FEC43E; |
| − | + | } | |
| − | } | + | |
| − | . | + | .contentLi{ |
| − | { | + | margin:0; |
| − | + | font-size:17px; | |
| − | } | + | line-height: 27px; |
| + | padding-bottom: 20px; | ||
| + | color: #111111; | ||
| + | } | ||
| − | + | .grayTable | |
| − | + | { | |
| − | + | background-color: #979797; | |
| − | + | } | |
| − | + | ||
| − | } | + | |
| − | + | .yellowTable | |
| − | + | { | |
| − | + | background-color: #CD9B1D; | |
| − | + | color: #000; | |
| − | + | } | |
| − | } | + | |
| − | + | h2{ | |
| − | + | font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; | |
| − | + | font-weight: 500; | |
| − | + | font-size: 35px; | |
| − | + | text-align: left; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | + | h3{ | |
| − | + | font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; | |
| − | + | font-weight: 500; | |
| − | + | font-size: 32px; | |
| − | + | text-align: left; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| − | + | h4{ | |
| − | + | font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; | |
| − | + | font-weight: 500; | |
| − | + | font-size: 28px; | |
| − | + | text-align: left; | |
| − | + | } | |
| − | } | + | |
| − | + | h5{ | |
| − | { | + | font-family: 'Tempus Sans ITC'; |
| − | + | font-weight: 500; | |
| − | + | font-size: 25px; | |
| − | + | text-align: left; | |
| − | + | } | |
| − | } | + | |
| + | p{ | ||
| + | margin:0; | ||
| + | font-size:17px; | ||
| + | line-height: 30px; | ||
| + | /*padding-bottom: 20px;*/ | ||
| + | color: #111111; | ||
| + | } | ||
| − | . | + | .bs-docs-sidenav |
| − | font-family:Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif !important; | + | { |
| − | + | font-family:Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif !important; | |
| − | + | font-size: 20px !important; | |
| − | + | font-weight: 100 !important; | |
| − | } | + | text-align: left !important; |
| + | } | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | . | + | .textli li{ |
| − | + | font-family:Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif !important; | |
| − | + | font-size: 20px !important; | |
| − | + | font-weight: 100 !important; | |
| − | + | text-align: left !important; | |
| − | } | + | } |
| + | .textimg | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | width:60% !important; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | .ref | ||
| + | { | ||
| + | font-size: 16px !important; | ||
| + | line-height:22px !important; | ||
| + | margin-bottom: 5px !important; | ||
| + | color: #353535; | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | /*文中自定义*/ | ||
| + | </style> | ||
| − | + | <body id="page-top" data-spy="scroll" data-target=".navbar-fixed-top"> | |
| − | . | + | <div class="page-loader"></div> |
| − | + | <!-- Docs master nav --> | |
| − | + | <!-- <h1><a class="navbar-brand" href="index.html">MuMei Lab</a></h1> --> | |
| − | + | <div class="container"> | |
| − | + | <!-- header --> | |
| − | + | <div class="header-w3layouts"> | |
| − | . | + | <!-- Navigation --> |
| − | + | <nav class="navbar navbar-default navbar-fixed-top"> | |
| − | + | <div class="navbar-header page-scroll"> | |
| − | + | <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-ex1-collapse"> | |
| − | + | </button> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | / | + | <a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China"> |
| − | . | + | <img style="margin-top:11px" class="navbar-brand" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/d/d5/ZJUChina_logo.png"> |
| − | + | </a> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | <!-- <h1><a class="navbar-brand" href="index.html">My Design</a></h1> --> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | / | + | </div> |
| − | + | <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> | |
| − | + | <div class="collapse navbar-collapse navbar-ex1-collapse"> | |
| + | <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right cl-effect-15"> | ||
| + | <!-- Hidden li included to remove active class from about link when scrolled up past about section --> | ||
| + | <li class="hidden"><a class="page-scroll" href="#page-top"></a> </li> | ||
| − | + | <li class="m_nav_item dropdown"> | |
| − | . | + | <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle link" data-toggle="dropdown">Overview<b class="caret"></b></a> |
| − | + | <ul class="dropdown-menu "> | |
| − | + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Overview">Project Description</a></li> | |
| + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Achievements">Achievements</a></li> | ||
| + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/InterLab">InterLab</a></li> | ||
| + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Improve">Improve Parts</a></li> | ||
| + | </ul> | ||
| + | </li> | ||
| − | . | + | <li class="m_nav_item dropdown"> |
| − | + | <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle link" data-toggle="dropdown">Project<b class="caret"></b></a> | |
| − | + | <ul class="dropdown-menu "> | |
| − | + | <!--<li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Project">Project Home</a></li>--> | |
| − | + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Project/tp">Trichoderma Proof</a></li> | |
| + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Project/voc">VOC sensors</a></li> | ||
| + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Project/st">Signal Transduction</a></li> | ||
| + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Project/Downstream">Downstream</a></li> | ||
| + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Project/conclusion">Conclusion</a></li> | ||
| + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Notebook">Notebook</a></li> | ||
| + | </ul> | ||
| + | </li> | ||
| − | + | <li class="m_nav_item dropdown" > | |
| − | + | <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle link" data-toggle="dropdown">Model<b class="caret"></b></a> | |
| − | + | <ul class="dropdown-menu "> | |
| − | + | <!--<li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Model">Summery</a></li>--> | |
| − | + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Model">VOC analysis</a></li> | |
| − | + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Model/Coculture">Coculture</a></li> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | / | + | |
| − | / | + | |
| − | </ | + | |
| − | + | </ul> | |
| − | + | </li> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | <li class="m_nav_item dropdown"> | |
| − | + | <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle link" data-toggle="dropdown">Parts<b class="caret"></b></a> | |
| − | + | <ul class="dropdown-menu "> | |
| − | + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Parts">All Parts</a></li> | |
| − | + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Basic_Part">Basic Parts</a></li> | |
| − | + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Composite_Part">Composite Parts</a></li> | |
| − | + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Part_Collection">Part Collection</a></li> | |
| − | + | </ul> | |
| + | </li> | ||
| − | + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Hardware">Hardware</a></li> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | <li class="m_nav_item dropdown" > | |
| + | <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle link" data-toggle="dropdown">Safety<b class="caret"></b></a> | ||
| + | <ul class="dropdown-menu "> | ||
| + | <li><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:ZJU-China/Safety">Environment</a></li> | ||
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| + | <h1 id="humanpractice" class="page-header ArticleHead GreenAH">Downstream</h1> | ||
| + | <h2 class="H2Head" id="introduction">Introduction</h2> | ||
| + | <p class="PP">When our <em>T.atroviride</em> is activated by the signals which have been described above, they will produce the corresponding effects to save our little plants. Those can be zwittermycin A, chitinase, serine protease and anything you need to protect your lovely plants. Zwittermycin A is an antibiotic which can inhibite the growth of P. nicotianae. Chitinase is a lytic enzyme that breaks down fungal cell walls. Serine protases plays an important role in hydrolyzing the eggshell of root-knot nematodes. With these fungal growth inhibitors our engineered <em>T.atroviride</em> will be able to better protect our plants. </p> | ||
| + | <div class="imgdiv"><img class="textimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/8/82/ZJU_China_Downstream_1.png"></div> | ||
| + | <h2 class="H2Head" id="zwa">Zwittermycin A</h2> | ||
| + | <p class="PP">Zwittermicin A is an antibiotic that has the potential to suppress plant disease due to its broad spectrum activity against certain gram positive and gram negative prokaryotic micro-organisms. Since <em>T.atroviride</em> does not produce Zwittermycin A by itself, a gene cluster obtained from Bacillus cereus UW85 was introduced into <em>T.atroviride</em>. The genes responsible for the production of zwittermicin A are located on a 16 kb cluster containing nine orfs, from orf1 to orf9, and a self resistant gene zmaR, a gene that encodes an acylation enzyme that deactivate zwittermicin A.<sup>[1]</sup></p> | ||
| + | <div class="imgdiv"><img class="textimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/4/4f/ZJU_China_Downstream_2.png"></div> | ||
| + | <br><br> | ||
| + | <div class="imgdiv"><img class="textimg" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/c/c5/ZJU_China_Downstream_3.png"></div> | ||
| − | + | <h2 class="H2Head" id="sp">Serine protease</h2> | |
| − | + | <p class="PP">Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), which are one of the most destructive nematodes, cause the loss of crop about 10%, serious as high as 75%. <sup>[2]</sup> In the present, the egg-parasitic fungus P.lilacinum is the main biocontrol material of root-knot nematodes.P.lilacinum. secretes protease and chitinase to hydrolyze the nematode eggshell, so that the root knot nematodes cannot grow normally.<sup>[3]</sup> However, because P.lilacinum can live in the cornea, the usage of P.lilacinum is still dangerous. Therefore, in this part, the purpose of our project is to give our harmless <em>T.atroviride</em> the ability to kill the root-knot nematodes by overexpressing serine protease which plays an important role in hydrolyzing the eggshell of root-knot nematodes.</p> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | <h2 class="H2Head" id="chi">Chitinase</h2> | |
| − | + | <p class="PP">Chitinase is a hydrolytic enzyme that breaks down hydrolytic bonds in chitin. As chitin is a component of the cell walls of fungi and exoskeletal elements of some animals (including worms and arthropods), chitinase has been shown to be useful in biological control against fungi.<sup>[4]</sup> Therefore, in order to inhibit fungl growth, our <em>T.atroviride</em> can produce chitinase when the plants are infested by fungi and the signal conversion systems work well.</p> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | <h2 class="H2Head" id="else">Anything else</h2> | ||
| + | <p class="PP">Your lovely plants will face many challenges in the complex and dangerous soil condition, so that, the little plants must be protected by the strong <em>T.atroviride</em> which can product corresponding effects to inhibite the fungi. The following table can help you choose the right inhibitor to help your plants.</p> | ||
| − | + | <table class="table"> | |
| − | < | + | <tr> |
| − | + | <td class="yellowTable">Inhibitor</td> | |
| − | < | + | <td class="yellowTable">Part</td> |
| − | + | <td class="yellowTable">Function</td> | |
| − | + | </tr> | |
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <td class="grayTable">dimethyldisulfide(DMDS) and dimethyltrisufide(DMTS)</td> | ||
| + | <td>BBa_K1493300</td> | ||
| + | <td>DMTS was shown to have an inhibitory effect on F. oxysporum. DMDS is used as plant growth promoter and at the same time also has been shown a slight inhibition to <em>F. oxysporum</em>.</td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| − | + | <tr> | |
| − | + | <td class="grayTable">Omega-hexatoxin-hv1a</td> | |
| + | <td>BBa_K1974001</td> | ||
| + | <td>Hv1a can bind on insect voltage-gated Calcium channels (CaV1) in the central nervous system, making it paralyze and die eventually</td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <td class="grayTable">μ-segestritoxin-Sf1a</td> | ||
| + | <td>BBa_K1974003</td> | ||
| + | <td>OAIP can bind on the voltage-gated sodium channel in the insect’s nervous system, making it paralyze and die eventually.</td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <td class="grayTable">Orally Active Insecticidal Peptide (OAIP)</td> | ||
| + | <td>BBa_K1974003</td> | ||
| + | <td>OAIP can bind on the voltage-gated sodium channel in the insect's nervous system, making it paralyze and die eventually.</td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <td class="grayTable">Art-175</td> | ||
| + | <td>BBa_K1659000</td> | ||
| + | <td>Art-175 is a fusion protein that kills Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by means of bypassing their outer membranes and catalysing the hydrolysis their cell walls.</td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| + | <tr> | ||
| + | <td class="grayTable">Microcin S</td> | ||
| + | <td>BBa_K1659100</td> | ||
| + | <td>tdMicrocin S (MccS) is a narrow-spectrum antibacterial protein that has been shown to exhibit high-potency killing of select strains of E. coli and P. aeruginosa.</td> | ||
| + | </tr> | ||
| − | + | <tr> | |
| − | + | <td class="grayTable">Plu1537</td> | |
| − | + | <td>BBa_K1668007</td> | |
| − | + | <td>Plu1537 is a 14kDa insecticidal toxic protein, which has strong toxicity against termites. </td> | |
| − | + | </tr> | |
| − | + | </table> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | <h2 class="H2Head" id="result">Result</h2> | |
| − | + | <p class="PP">Because of lacking of time, we only did the experience of serine protease. We structured two plasimads: one could work in yeast and the other could work in <em>T.atroviride</em>. Before constructing the plasmid expressed in yeast, we did codon optimization based on the codon preference of yeast and the gene was synthesized by Genscipt. In the contrast, the serine protease that producted in the <em>T.atroviride</em> was cloned from the genome of P.lilacinum because they have high homology.</p> | |
| − | + | <hr> | |
| − | + | <h2 class="H2Head" id="refer">Reference</h2> | |
| + | <p class="PP ref">[1] Stohl E A, Milner J L, Handelsman J. Zwittermicin A biosynthetic cluster[J]. Gene, 1999, 237(2):403-411.</p> | ||
| + | <p class="PP ref">[2] Wang J P, Wang J X, Liu F, et al. Enhancing the virulence of Paecilomyces lilacinus against Meloidogyne incognita eggs by overexpression of a serine protease. Biotechnology Letters, 32, 1159-1166[J]. Biotechnology Letters, 2010, 32(8):1159-1166.</p> | ||
| + | <p class="PP ref">[3] Brand D, Roussos S, Pandey A, et al. Development of a bionematicide with Paecilomyces lilacinus to control Meloidogyne incognita.[J]. Applied Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2004, 118(1-3):81-88.</p> | ||
| + | <p class="PP ref">[4] Sámi L, Pusztahelyi T, Emri T, et al. Autolysis and aging of Penicillium chrysogenum cultures under carbon starvation: Chitinase production and antifungal effect of allosamidin.[J]. Journal of General & Applied Microbiology, 2001, 47(4):201.</p> | ||
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| − | + | <li><a href="#zwa">Zwittermycin A</a></li> | |
| + | <li><a href="#sp">Serine protease</a></li> | ||
| + | <li><a href="#chi">Chitinase</a></li> | ||
| + | <li><a href="#else">Anything else</a></li> | ||
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Revision as of 10:14, 25 October 2017
Downstream
Introduction
When our T.atroviride is activated by the signals which have been described above, they will produce the corresponding effects to save our little plants. Those can be zwittermycin A, chitinase, serine protease and anything you need to protect your lovely plants. Zwittermycin A is an antibiotic which can inhibite the growth of P. nicotianae. Chitinase is a lytic enzyme that breaks down fungal cell walls. Serine protases plays an important role in hydrolyzing the eggshell of root-knot nematodes. With these fungal growth inhibitors our engineered T.atroviride will be able to better protect our plants.
Zwittermycin A
Zwittermicin A is an antibiotic that has the potential to suppress plant disease due to its broad spectrum activity against certain gram positive and gram negative prokaryotic micro-organisms. Since T.atroviride does not produce Zwittermycin A by itself, a gene cluster obtained from Bacillus cereus UW85 was introduced into T.atroviride. The genes responsible for the production of zwittermicin A are located on a 16 kb cluster containing nine orfs, from orf1 to orf9, and a self resistant gene zmaR, a gene that encodes an acylation enzyme that deactivate zwittermicin A.[1]
Serine protease
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), which are one of the most destructive nematodes, cause the loss of crop about 10%, serious as high as 75%. [2] In the present, the egg-parasitic fungus P.lilacinum is the main biocontrol material of root-knot nematodes.P.lilacinum. secretes protease and chitinase to hydrolyze the nematode eggshell, so that the root knot nematodes cannot grow normally.[3] However, because P.lilacinum can live in the cornea, the usage of P.lilacinum is still dangerous. Therefore, in this part, the purpose of our project is to give our harmless T.atroviride the ability to kill the root-knot nematodes by overexpressing serine protease which plays an important role in hydrolyzing the eggshell of root-knot nematodes.
Chitinase
Chitinase is a hydrolytic enzyme that breaks down hydrolytic bonds in chitin. As chitin is a component of the cell walls of fungi and exoskeletal elements of some animals (including worms and arthropods), chitinase has been shown to be useful in biological control against fungi.[4] Therefore, in order to inhibit fungl growth, our T.atroviride can produce chitinase when the plants are infested by fungi and the signal conversion systems work well.
Anything else
Your lovely plants will face many challenges in the complex and dangerous soil condition, so that, the little plants must be protected by the strong T.atroviride which can product corresponding effects to inhibite the fungi. The following table can help you choose the right inhibitor to help your plants.
| Inhibitor | Part | Function |
| dimethyldisulfide(DMDS) and dimethyltrisufide(DMTS) | BBa_K1493300 | DMTS was shown to have an inhibitory effect on F. oxysporum. DMDS is used as plant growth promoter and at the same time also has been shown a slight inhibition to F. oxysporum. |
| Omega-hexatoxin-hv1a | BBa_K1974001 | Hv1a can bind on insect voltage-gated Calcium channels (CaV1) in the central nervous system, making it paralyze and die eventually |
| μ-segestritoxin-Sf1a | BBa_K1974003 | OAIP can bind on the voltage-gated sodium channel in the insect’s nervous system, making it paralyze and die eventually. |
| Orally Active Insecticidal Peptide (OAIP) | BBa_K1974003 | OAIP can bind on the voltage-gated sodium channel in the insect's nervous system, making it paralyze and die eventually. |
| Art-175 | BBa_K1659000 | Art-175 is a fusion protein that kills Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by means of bypassing their outer membranes and catalysing the hydrolysis their cell walls. |
| Microcin S | BBa_K1659100 | tdMicrocin S (MccS) is a narrow-spectrum antibacterial protein that has been shown to exhibit high-potency killing of select strains of E. coli and P. aeruginosa. |
| Plu1537 | BBa_K1668007 | Plu1537 is a 14kDa insecticidal toxic protein, which has strong toxicity against termites. |
Result
Because of lacking of time, we only did the experience of serine protease. We structured two plasimads: one could work in yeast and the other could work in T.atroviride. Before constructing the plasmid expressed in yeast, we did codon optimization based on the codon preference of yeast and the gene was synthesized by Genscipt. In the contrast, the serine protease that producted in the T.atroviride was cloned from the genome of P.lilacinum because they have high homology.
Reference
[1] Stohl E A, Milner J L, Handelsman J. Zwittermicin A biosynthetic cluster[J]. Gene, 1999, 237(2):403-411.
[2] Wang J P, Wang J X, Liu F, et al. Enhancing the virulence of Paecilomyces lilacinus against Meloidogyne incognita eggs by overexpression of a serine protease. Biotechnology Letters, 32, 1159-1166[J]. Biotechnology Letters, 2010, 32(8):1159-1166.
[3] Brand D, Roussos S, Pandey A, et al. Development of a bionematicide with Paecilomyces lilacinus to control Meloidogyne incognita.[J]. Applied Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2004, 118(1-3):81-88.
[4] Sámi L, Pusztahelyi T, Emri T, et al. Autolysis and aging of Penicillium chrysogenum cultures under carbon starvation: Chitinase production and antifungal effect of allosamidin.[J]. Journal of General & Applied Microbiology, 2001, 47(4):201.
