Difference between revisions of "Team:Munich/Hardware/QuakeValve"

Latest revision as of 16:10, 31 October 2017


Electrically Controlled Quake Valve
We envision a portable, fully automated, fluidic device that can process biological samples in the field. We considered that every part of our device that gets in contact with our sample needs to be disposable and replaceable. Therefore we designed a replaceable fluidic chip out of PDMS that can be controlled via an external device. To achieve this we build so called Quake valves¹ that are controlled via externally applied air pressure. To pump fluids we use an air balloon which is a super cheap supply for low pressure. To control our Quake valves we use a bicycle tube as a cheap and refillable supply for air pressure up to 5 bar. We use electrically powered air valves to control the Quake valves and build an electric circuit to control the air valves with a microcontroller. The valves can be easily downscaled and require no special equipment for their manufacture. We constructed the Quake valves by using 3D printed negative via soft lithography. A detailed protocol for manufacturing macroscopic fluidic chips with 3D Printed negatives can be found here at the subitem "Soft lithography". Function and Composition of a Quake Valve The valve is made of three PDMS layers. The lower layer carries the flow channel with a sinusoidal dome at the valve position. The middle layer is just a thin and therefore elastic PDMS membrane. The upper layer carries the air channel which has a cylindrical pressure camper at the valve position. The three layers are shown in the explosive drawing below. Explosive drawing of a Quake valve. When air pressure is applied to the pressure Chamber the thin membrane will be pressed in the sinusoidal dome of the flow channel and blocks the water flow. We chose a sinusoidal shape for the lower channel to enable a smooth contact between the the membrane and lower layer. This mechanism is illustrated in the figure below. Function of a Quake valve. The air channel is connected to two normally closed electric air valves via tubes. One valve to apply pressure, for opening the water valve and one to release pressure, for closing the water valve. An image of an operational quake valve can be seen in the image below. For better contrast, we filled the flow channel with black ink and the pressure chamber with yellow inc. Operational Quake valve. Control Circuit for the air valves We need a control circuit for the air valves because they are powered with high currents and consist of a solenoid that causes voltage spikes which can be harmful to a microcontroller The solenoid valve is connected to the drain of an N-channel MOSFET. The drain is connected to a digital pin via a voltage divider. When the digital pin is set to 5V, the voltage at the gate is above the threshold voltage, current flows through the valve and the air channel is opened. A diode in blocking direction parallel to the valve damps the voltage spike caused by turning of the valve. The circuit is shown in the figure below. Control circuit for the electric valves.
References Unger, Marc A., et al. "Monolithic microfabricated valves and pumps by multilayer soft lithography." Science 288.5463 (2000): 113-116. APA

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-<img id="TopPicture" width="960" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/f/fc/T--Munich--FrontPagePicture_Hardware.jpg">
+<img id="TopPicture" width="960" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/c/c2/T--Munich--FrontPagePicture_QuakeValve.jpg">
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 		<p class="introduction">
-We envision a portable,fully automated,  fluidic device that can process biological sample in the field. We need to consider that every part of our device that gets in contact with our sample needs to be disposable and replaceable. Therefore we designed an replaceable  fluidic chip that is controlled via an external device    We want to use electrically controlled quake valves to precisely move fluids. We therefore need an supply of high pressure which can be providet by an bicycle wheel.
+We envision a portable, fully automated,  fluidic device that can process biological samples in the field. We considered that every part of our device that gets in contact with our sample needs to be disposable and replaceable. Therefore we designed a replaceable  fluidic chip out of PDMS that can be  controlled via an external device.
+</p>
-                </p>
+<p>
-<p>
+To achieve this we build so called Quake valves<sup><a class="myLink" href="#ref_1">1</a></sup> that are controlled via externally applied air pressure. To pump fluids we use an air balloon which is a super cheap supply for low pressure. To control our Quake valves we use a bicycle tube as a cheap and refillable supply for air pressure up to 5 bar. We use electrically powered air valves to control the Quake valves and build an electric circuit to control the air valves with a microcontroller. The valves can be easily downscaled and require no special equipment for their manufacture. We constructed the Quake valves by using 3D printed negative via soft lithography. A detailed protocol for manufacturing macroscopic fluidic chips with 3D Printed negatives can be found <a class="myLink" href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:Munich/Protocols">here</a> at the subitem "Soft lithography".
-To control fluid flow in our final device we constructed pneumatic controlled water valves. We use electric powered air valves to control these so-called quake valves and build a circuit to control the air valves with a microcontroller. This enables us to precisely move fluids on our final device via a software interface. We constructed macroscopic quake valves with 3D printed negatives out of PDMS via soft lithography. The valves can be scaled down and are require now special equipment for their manufacture. A detailed protocol for manufacturing macroscopic fluidic chips with 3D Printed negatives can be found <a class="myLink" href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:Munich/Protocols">here</a> at the subitem "Soft lithography".
 </p>
+<h3>Function and Composition of a Quake Valve</h3>
 <p>
-The valve is made of three PDMS layers. The lower layer carries the water channel with a sinus shaped dome at the valve position. The middle layer is just a thin and therefore elastic PDMS film. The upper layer carries the air channel which as a cylindric air reservoir at the valve position. The three layers are shown in the explosive drawing below.
+The valve is made of three PDMS layers. The lower layer carries the flow channel with a sinusoidal dome at the valve position. The middle layer is just a thin and therefore elastic PDMS membrane. The upper layer carries the air channel which has a cylindrical pressure camper at the valve position. The three layers are shown in the explosive drawing below.
 </p>
 <div class="captionPicture">
 <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/d/d2/T--Munich--Hardware_explodevalve.svg">
 <p>
-Explosive drawing of a quake valve.
+Explosive drawing of a Quake valve.
 </p>
 </div>
 <p>
-If air pressure is applied to the upper channel the middle layer will be pressed in the sinus shaped dome of the upper channel and block the water channel. We chose a sinus shape for the lower channel to enable a smooth contact between the thin layer and lower layer. This mechanism is illustrated in the figure below
+When air pressure is applied to the pressure Chamber the thin membrane will be pressed in the sinusoidal dome of the flow channel and blocks the water flow. We chose a sinusoidal shape for the lower channel to enable a smooth contact between the the membrane and lower layer. This mechanism is illustrated in the figure below.
 </p>
 <div class="captionPicture">
 <img src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/0/08/T--Munich--Hardware_sketchvalve.svg">
 <p>
-Function of a quake valve.
+Function of a Quake valve.
 </p>
 </div>
 <p>
-The Air channel is connected via tubes to two normally closed electric air valves. One to release pressure for opening the water valve and one to apply new pressure for closing the water valve.
+The air channel is connected to two normally closed electric air valves via tubes. One  valve to apply pressure, for opening the water valve and one to release pressure, for closing the water valve.
 </p>
+<p>
+An image of an operational quake valve can be seen in the image below. For better contrast, we filled the flow channel with black ink and the pressure chamber with yellow inc.</p>
+<div class="captionPicture">
+<img width = 400 src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/4/4e/T--Munich--Hardware_Valvereal.png">
+<p>
+Operational Quake valve.
+</p>
+</div>
+<h3>Control Circuit for the air valves</h3>
 <p>
-We need a control circuit for the air valves because they are powered with high currents and consist of an electric coil that causes voltage pikes which can be harmful to a microcontroller
+We need a control circuit for the air valves because they are powered with high currents and consist of a solenoid that causes voltage spikes which can be harmful to a microcontroller
-The electric valve is connected to the drain of drain of a N Channel MOSFET. The drain is connected via a voltage divider to a digital pin. When the digital Pin is set to 5V, the voltage at the gate is above the threshold voltage, current flows through the Valve and the air channel is opened. A diode in blocking direction parallel to valve damps the voltage spike caused by turning of the valve. The circuit is shown in the figure below.
+The solenoid valve is connected to the drain of an N-channel MOSFET. The drain is connected to a digital pin via a voltage divider. When the digital pin is set to 5V, the voltage at the gate is above the threshold voltage, current flows through the valve and the air channel is opened. A diode in blocking direction parallel to the valve damps the voltage spike caused by turning of the valve. The circuit is shown in the figure below.
 </p>
 <div class="captionPicture">
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 </tr>
+<tr><td colspan=6 align=center valign=center>
+<h3>References</h3>
+<p>
+    <ol style="text-align: left">
+       <li id="ref_1">Unger, Marc A., et al. "Monolithic microfabricated valves and pumps by multilayer soft lithography." Science 288.5463 (2000): 113-116.
+APA	</li>
+    </ol>
+</p>
+</td>
+</tr>