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| </table> | | </table> |
| </center> | | </center> |
| + | <br/><br/> |
| + | <section><div class="page-title"><h6>Culturing on paper</h6> |
| + | <h3>The study of bacterial growth has been one of the most standard approaches in the field of microbiology |
| + | and Escherichia coli as a workhorse has been considerably exploited for its use in many molecular |
| + | biology techniques. The need of a nutrient rich solid or liquid medium is of utmost importance for the |
| + | sustenance of bacterial growth. However, people over the past few years have tried using paper based |
| + | growth supports for bacteria. Paper is a ubiquitous, inexpensive, recyclable, portable, flexible and |
| + | disposable material. But paper can’t be directly used for culturing microbes due to certain constraints |
| + | such as the requirement of a nutrient rich medium for growth, sample dispersion and absorption by the |
| + | paper, etc. Hence, paper needs to be synthetically modified for sustaining the growth of microbes. The |
| + | construction of in-vitro biological systems is a remarkable area of study in synthetic biology and has |
| + | been widely exploited and implemented for this approach. These systems make use of strong promoters |
| + | and translation initiation sequences for the expression of most of the individual genes encoded on the |
| + | genome of interest. In this, the microbial culture after having been grown to a suitable density, is |
| + | subjected to lysis and the lysate is added to the synthetically modified paper and subjected to freeze |
| + | drying. At the time of use, the components on the paper can be revived by adding distilled water or a |
| + | suitable buffer and heating the paper at an optimum growth temperature followed by adding the |
| + | components (compatibility of the components used for the reaction is a very important factor) required |
| + | for transcription-translation and the required reaction can hence be carried on the paper. Fine tuning of |
| + | the circuit and improvisation in the design of the paper being used for the reaction needs to be taken |
| + | care of to improve the efficiency of the reaction.</h3></section> |
| + | <br/> |
| <section> | | <section> |
| <h3>References:</h3> | | <h3>References:</h3> |
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| <h4>Wolfe-Simon, F., Blum, J. S., Kulp, T. R., Gordon, G. W., Hoeft, S. E., Pett-Ridge, J., ...& Anbar, A. D. (2011). A bacterium that can grow by using arsenic instead of phosphorus. <i>science</i>, 332(6034), 1163-1166. | | <h4>Wolfe-Simon, F., Blum, J. S., Kulp, T. R., Gordon, G. W., Hoeft, S. E., Pett-Ridge, J., ...& Anbar, A. D. (2011). A bacterium that can grow by using arsenic instead of phosphorus. <i>science</i>, 332(6034), 1163-1166. |
| </h4></section><br/><br/> | | </h4></section><br/><br/> |
− | <section><h6 class="page-title">------- Rough work done to generate above data -----</h6></section><br />
| |
− | <section><h3>• Acetaldehyde</h3>
| |
− | <h4>Degradation of Acetaldehyde and Its Precursors by <i>Pelobactercarbinolicus</i> and <i>P. acetylenicus</i></h4>
| |
− | <h4><b>Citation</b>: Schmidt A, Frensch M, Schleheck D, Schink B, Müller N (2014) Degradation of Acetaldehyde and Its Precursors by <i>Pelobactercarbinolicus</i> and <i>P. acetylenicus</i>. PLoSONE9(12): e115902. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115902
| |
− | </h4>
| |
− | <h3>• Nitric oxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) </h3>
| |
− | <h4>Denitrifying bacteria are bacteria capable of performing denitrification as part of the nitrogen cycle. Denitrifying bacteria include several species of <i>Pseudomonas, Alkaligenes ,Bacillus</i></h4>
| |
− | <h4>A marine microalga, <i>(Dunaliellatertiolecta)</i> strain NOA-113, was found to simultaneously eliminate nitric oxide (NO) and carbon dioxide (CO2)</h4>
| |
− | <h4><b>Citation</b>: Chem TechnolBiotechnol 80:483–494 (2005) DOI: 10.1002/jctb.1260</h4>
| |
− | <h3>• Mercury</h3>
| |
− | <h4>Organisms- <i>Microbacteriumoxydans HG3, Ochrobactrum sp. strain HG16, Lysinibacillus sp. strain HG17, Bacillus sp. strain CM111, and Serratiamarcescens HG19</i></h4>
| |
− | <h4><b>Citation</b>: Appl. Environ. Microbiol. February 2012 vol. 78 no. 4 1097-1106</h4>
| |
− | <h3>• Xylene</h3>
| |
− | <h4>Organisms- <i>Pandoraea sp.</i> strain WL1</h4>
| |
− | <h4>Paper- Degradation pathway and kinetic analysis for p-xylene removal by a novel Pandoraea sp. strain WL1 and its application in a biotrickling filter</h4>
| |
− | <h4><b>Citation</b>:J Hazard Mater. 2015 May 15;288:17-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.019. Epub 2015 Feb 7.
| |
− | </h4>
| |
− | <h3>• Arsenic</h3>
| |
− | <h4>Organism- <i>Halomonadaceaebacterium</i> GFAJ-1</h4>
| |
− | <h4>Paper- Arsenic-eating microbe may redefine chemistry of life (http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101202/full/news.2010.645.html)</h4>
| |
− | <h3>• Carbon monoxide</h3>
| |
− | <h4>Organism-<i>Clostridium formicoaceticum ,C. thermoaceticum, Chlorella vutgaris</i> (algae)</h4>
| |
− | <h4><b>Citation</b>: Gabriele and Rudolf K. ThauerJ. Bacteriol. November 1978 vol. 136 no. 2 597-606</h4>
| |
− | <h4>EMlVIETT W. CHAPPELLE ;Biochim. Biophys.Acta, 62 (1962) 45-62
| |
− | </h4>
| |
− | <h3>• Lead</h3>
| |
− | <h4>Organism- Pseudomonas aeruginosa</h4>
| |
− | <h4><b>Citation</b>: Slomczynski, D. J. AND W J. DavisHoover*. CHARACTERIZATION OF PB2+ UPTAKE AND SEQUESTRATION IN <i>PSEUDOMONAS</i></h4>
| |
− | <h4>AERUGINOSA, CHL004, LEAD.Presented at Third International Conference, Monterey, CA, 5/20-23/2002.</h4>
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