Difference between revisions of "Team:XMU-China/More Chips"

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<div class="menu-list"><a href="#subtitle1">Chips</a></div>
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<p>Based on this year's project, we made a device which called "East-Wind" that can detect the concentration of toxic ions in water. In order to describe this device clearly, we will introduce it in three aspects. Just as our project describes, iGEMers from all around the world can make their own East-Wind by reading introductions as follow. You can cancel, add, or change some components of the device to get your own target. It is a modularized device and it can make anything you want.</p><br />
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<p>Besides the microfluidic chip usd in East-Wind, we have many other chips designed for <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Team:XMU-China/Freeze-Dry">freeze-dried bacteria</a> checking and the part LuxAB, <a href="http://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K2310100">BBa_K2310100</a>. We also put the design drawing of the darkroom we use in the accessory below. You can get the CAD files of all the designs <a style="padding-right:0;" href="https://github.com/cathellsing/XMU-China2017">here</a>.<br /><br />
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<span class="subtitle" id="subtitle1">-----* Introduction *-----</span>
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We designed the chips in the way of continuous integration, which means you will see the chips from the basic chip in the device, then add the LuxAB, then add the multichannel, then add the valve, and then add the modularization.</p><br />
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<h1><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:XMU-China/East-Wind">East-Wind</a></h1>
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<p>Our team members are always wondering that how we can apply our project to practical problems. As we all know, synthetic biology is an engineering subject and the meaning of engineering is solving problems. With the development of genetic circuits, we naturally think of electronic engineering which can make our ideas into reality. It is awesome to combine genetic circuits and electronic circuits. That is why we persist in moving into an unfamiliar territory and making East-Wind.<br /><br />
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<span class="blank"  id="subtitle1"></span><span class="subtitle">-----* Chips *-----</span>
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East-Wind can be divided into three main parts: <strong>microfluidic chip</strong> driven by centrifugal force; <strong>three electrode system,</strong> constant voltage circuit, current-voltage conversion circuit and multi-position amplifier circuit; <strong>3D printing shell</strong>.<br /><br />
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<h1>I. The basic chip in the device</h1>
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<span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg13" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/f/fb/T--XMU-China--hardwareimg13.jpeg"></span><br /><br />
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<p><span class="morechipsimg"><img class="morechipsimg1" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/5/5d/T--XMU-China--morechipsimg1.png"></span><br /><br />
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And there are some other components which can be changed or replaced to get different functions.<br /><br />
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<span class="morechipsimg"><img class="morechipsimg2" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/d/da/T--XMU-China--morechipsimg2.jpeg"></span><br /><br />
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<h1><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:XMU-China/Freeze-Dry">Freeze-Dry</a></h1><br />
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This design is what we use in the accessory. The size of the sampling hole and the tube has been tested many times. Making and using of this can be found <a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:XMU-China/Accessories">here</a>. There is a piece of the semipermeable membrane between two layers to avoid bacteria liquid leakage.</p><br /><br />
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<span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg14" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/1/16/T--XMU-China--hardwareimg14.jpeg"></span><br /><br />
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<h1>II. Add LuxAB</h1>
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<h1><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:XMU-China/Accessories">Accessories</a></h1><br />
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<p><span class="morechipsimg"><img class="morechipsimg3" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/3/3a/T--XMU-China--morechipsimg3.png"></span><br /><br />
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<span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg15" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/5/50/T--XMU-China--hardwareimg15.jpeg"></span><br /><br />
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<span class="morechipsimg"><img class="morechipsimg4" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/a/aa/T--XMU-China--morechipsimg4.jpeg"></span><br /><br />
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<h1><a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:XMU-China/More_Chips">More&nbsp;Chips</a></h1><br />
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This is the primary chip we design for <a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:XMU-China/Parts">LuxAB</a>, which is for luciferase outputing chemiluminescence when adding the substrate.<br /><br />
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<span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg16" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/f/f9/T--XMU-China--hardwareimg16.jpeg"></span>
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It has an inherent switch that you can't get the signal until a few seconds after adding the substrate. And it only needs one hour or less to get the signal after induction. So we design a set of cell and tubes to add the substrate to the reaction cell (the biggest cell); you can use this construction to control the time you open the switch (get the signal).<br /><br />
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</p>
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This chip has four sampling channels and one detection channel. We have tested the fluid flow in this chip, and we sent this kind of chip to <a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:BIT/Collaborations">BIT</a>.<br /><br />
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<span class="blank"></span>
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The layers should be piled up with the order of 1 to 7 we mark in the picture. And the follow design can be assmbled in the same way.</p><br /><br />
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<span class="subtitle" id="subtitle2">-----* Microfluidic Chip  *-----</span>
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<h1>III. Add the multichannel</h1>
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<h1>I. Material</h1>
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<p><span class="morechipsimg"><img class="morechipsimg5" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/2/23/T--XMU-China--morechipsimg5.png"></span><br /><br />
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<p>We choose poly(methyl 2-methylpropenoate) (PMMA) as the material of our microfluidic chip. Emerging biotechnology and Biomedical research uses PMMA to create microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices, which require 100 micrometre-wide geometries for routing liquids. These small geometries are amenable to using PMMA in a biochip fabrication process and offer moderate biocompatibility.<br /><br />
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This design has four sampling channels and two detection channels. It enables us to have two channels of the detection the signal which will make it a less-error equipment.</p><br /><br />
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<span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg1" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/6/68/T--XMU-China--hardwareimg1.png"></span></p><br /><br />
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<h1>IV. Add the valve</h1>
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<h1>II. Structure</h1>
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<p><span class="morechipsimg"><img class="morechipsimg6" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/4/4d/T--XMU-China--morechipsimg6.png"></span><br /><br />
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<br /><span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg2" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/9/92/T--XMU-China--Applieddesignimg4.jpeg"></span><br /><br />
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In this design, we make a valve in the chip so that you can control which sampling channel to add the sample.<br /><br />
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<p>The picture shows the microfluidic chip's sandwich-like structure. There are five functional parts in the third figure from left to the right. From top to bottom, they are the hole, pipeline-1, hatching house, pipeline-2 with capillary valve and testing room. The injection hole which is covered by silver paper is where you put the sample in and its size is suitable for pipette tips. The pipeline-1 is wide enough to make sure that water sample can easily enter the hatching house. The hatching house is where the engineering bacteria grow and start biochemical reactions. On a separate note, the <a href="#">freeze-dried engineering bacteria</a> have been placed in the hatching house. The pipeline-2's width is 100 micron which can be considered as a capillary valve so that it can prevent liquid from entering the testing room when the chip is not spinning. For two reasons the room's top is covered by silver paper. on the one hand, we can prick a tiny hole on silver paper to balance pressure when the liquid enters the room; on the other hand we can easily make the screen-printed electrode pass through the silver paper to gain data.</p>
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<span class="morechipsimg"><img class="morechipsimg7" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/3/33/T--XMU-China--morechipsimg7.png"></span><br /><br />
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<span class="blank"></span>
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We also have this design of two sampling channels and four detection channels. You can control which detection channel to output.<br /><br />
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<span class="subtitle" id="subtitle3">-----* circuit *-----</span>
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In this section, which of those two designs is more practical needs more experiments to test.</p><br /><br />
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<h1>I. Three-electrode system</h1>
+
<h1>V. Add the Modularization</h1>
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<p>Conducting our project experiment requires at least two electrodes. The working electrode, which makes contact with the analyte, must apply the desired potential in a controlled way and facilitate the transfer of charge to and from the analyte. The second electrode acts as the other half of the cell. This second electrode must have a known potential with which to gauge the potential of the working electrode, furthermore it must balance the charge added or removed by the working electrode. While this is a viable setup, it has a number of shortcomings. Most significantly, it is extremely difficult for an electrode to maintain a constant potential while passing current to counter redox events at the working electrode.<br /><br />
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<p><span class="morechipsimg"><img class="morechipsimg8" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/9/9b/T--XMU-China--morechipsimg8.png"></span><br /><br />
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To solve this problem, the roles of supplying electrons and providing a reference potential are divided between two separate electrodes. The reference electrode is a half cell with a known reduction potential. Its only role is to act as reference in measuring and controlling the working electrode's potential and at no point does it pass any current. The auxiliary electrode passes all the current needed to balance the current observed at the working electrode. To achieve this current, the auxiliary will often swing to extreme potentials at the edges of the solvent window, where it oxidizes or reduces the solvent or supporting electrolyte. These electrodes, the working, reference, and auxiliary make up the modern three-electrode system.<br /><br />
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This chip should be assmbled into two parts of “1-2-3-4-4.4” and “4.6-5-6”, which we name as partA and partB. You can use partB with different partA in which we have added different engineered bacteria.</p>
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With a view to the device's portability, we choose screen-printed electrode to carry our point. The following table shows the screen-printed electrode's materials.<br /><br />
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<span class="blank" id="subtitle2"></span>
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<span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg3" style="border:none;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/c/c0/T--XMU-China--hardwareimg3.png"></span><br /><br />
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<span class="subtitle">-----* Darkroom *-----</span>
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<span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg4" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/2/24/T--XMU-China--hardwareimg4.png"></span>
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<h1>I. Primary Darkroom</h1>
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</p><br /><br />
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<p><span class="morechipsimg"><img class="morechipsimg9" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/5/51/T--XMU-China--morechipsimg9.png"></span><br /><br />
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<h1>II. Constant voltage circuit</h1>
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<span class="morechipsimg"><img class="morechipsimg10" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/1/19/T--XMU-China--morechipsimg10.jpeg"></span><br /><br />
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<p>In order to maintain the potential between reference electrode and counter electrode, we design a constant voltage circuit to replace a potentiostat. A potentiostat is a controling and measuring device. It comprises an electric circuit which controls the potential across the cell by sensing changes in its resistance, varying accordingly the current supplied to the system: a higher resistance will result in a decreased current, while a lower resistance will result in an increased current.<br /><br />
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We design this darkroom to make a steady optical environment for our accessory to work. You can see how to assumble and use it in <a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:XMU-China/Accessories">our wiki</a>.<p><br /><br />
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<span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg5" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/4/47/T--XMU-China--hardwareimg5.png"></span><br /><br />
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<h1>II. Darkroom Drawer</h1>
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</p><br /><br />
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<p><span class="morechipsimg"><img class="morechipsimg11" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/2/29/T--XMU-China--morechipsimg11.png"></span><br /><br />
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<h1>III. Current-voltage conversion circuit & multi-position amplifier circuit</h1>
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<span class="morechipsimg"><img class="morechipsimg12" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/0/0a/T--XMU-China--morechipsimg12.jpeg"></span><br /><br />
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<p>In order to be compatible to different sizes of current, we design a multi-position amplifier circuit. The circuit is controlled by analog switches which are driven by Arduino PWM. We use syntax 'analogWrite(pin, value)' to define the high or low potential of each pin of analog switches so that different resistors will be put in the circuit.<br /><br />
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When you use this dark room, you can put your chip in different layers for your special need.</p>
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<span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg6" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/a/af/T--XMU-China--hardwareimg6.png"></span><br /><br />
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Theoretical formula as follows:<br /><br />
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<span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg7" style="border:none;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/2/2b/T--XMU-China--hardwareimg7.png"></span><br /><br />
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The following table shows a viable solution.<br /><br />
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<span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg8" style="border:none;" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/d/d4/T--XMU-China--hardwareimg8.png"></span><br /><br />
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We put the three-electrode constant voltage circuit, current-voltage conversion circuit and multi-position amplifier circuit on a single PCB. It's better to work in a metal box due to electromagnetic shielding characteristic.<br /><br />
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<span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg9" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/5/58/T--XMU-China--hardwareimg9.png"></span>
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</p><br /><br />
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<h1>IV. 3D printed shell</h1>
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<p>We design and print a shell for East-Wind. It's very hard for us to use the way to manufacture this small and light shell with many hatches. 3D printing is a suitable, low price and environmentally-friendly choice. We choose acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as our 3D printing material.<br /><br />
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<span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg10" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/4/46/T--XMU-China--hardwareimg10.png"></span><br /><br />
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<span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg11" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/8/8a/T--XMU-China--hardwareimg11.png"></span><br /><br />
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<span class="hardwareimg"><img class="hardwareimg12" src="https://static.igem.org/mediawiki/2017/c/c0/T--XMU-China--hardwareimg12.png"></span><br /><br />
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To design a set of hardware using in situ, our work focuses on portability and stability, combining modularized device, microfluidics and freeze-drying. We made a miniature device called East-Wind with microfluidic chips and freeze-dried bacteria for steady transportation of our engineered bacteria. East-Wind, which can detect the concentration of toxic ions, is divided into three main parts: microfluidic chips, electrode system and 3D-printed shell. East-Wind is a modularized device that its parts can be added, canceled or reformed. To detect the survival rate and the quantity of our freeze-dried bacteria, an accessory and a series of microfluidic chips using with East-Wind together are designed. This accessory can detect bacteria of different OD-value by optical signals. The chips we designed in the way of continuous integration contain the simplest chip in device, the multichannel chip, and modularization chip. Worldwide iGEMers can make their own East-Wind by reading our wiki.</p>
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Latest revision as of 03:40, 2 November 2017

2017.igem.org/Team:XMU-China/More_Chips

Besides the microfluidic chip usd in East-Wind, we have many other chips designed for freeze-dried bacteria checking and the part LuxAB, BBa_K2310100. We also put the design drawing of the darkroom we use in the accessory below. You can get the CAD files of all the designs here.

We designed the chips in the way of continuous integration, which means you will see the chips from the basic chip in the device, then add the LuxAB, then add the multichannel, then add the valve, and then add the modularization.


-----* Chips *-----

I. The basic chip in the device





This design is what we use in the accessory. The size of the sampling hole and the tube has been tested many times. Making and using of this can be found here. There is a piece of the semipermeable membrane between two layers to avoid bacteria liquid leakage.



II. Add LuxAB





This is the primary chip we design for LuxAB, which is for luciferase outputing chemiluminescence when adding the substrate.

It has an inherent switch that you can't get the signal until a few seconds after adding the substrate. And it only needs one hour or less to get the signal after induction. So we design a set of cell and tubes to add the substrate to the reaction cell (the biggest cell); you can use this construction to control the time you open the switch (get the signal).

This chip has four sampling channels and one detection channel. We have tested the fluid flow in this chip, and we sent this kind of chip to BIT.

The layers should be piled up with the order of 1 to 7 we mark in the picture. And the follow design can be assmbled in the same way.



III. Add the multichannel



This design has four sampling channels and two detection channels. It enables us to have two channels of the detection the signal which will make it a less-error equipment.



IV. Add the valve



In this design, we make a valve in the chip so that you can control which sampling channel to add the sample.



We also have this design of two sampling channels and four detection channels. You can control which detection channel to output.

In this section, which of those two designs is more practical needs more experiments to test.



V. Add the Modularization



This chip should be assmbled into two parts of “1-2-3-4-4.4” and “4.6-5-6”, which we name as partA and partB. You can use partB with different partA in which we have added different engineered bacteria.

-----* Darkroom *-----

I. Primary Darkroom





We design this darkroom to make a steady optical environment for our accessory to work. You can see how to assumble and use it in our wiki.



II. Darkroom Drawer





When you use this dark room, you can put your chip in different layers for your special need.