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           <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:Exeter/Lab_Conclusion">Conclusion</a>

           <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:Exeter/Basic_Part">Basic parts</a>

           <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:Exeter/Composite_Part">Composite part</a>

           <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:Exeter/Current_Methods">Current methods</a>

           <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:Exeter/Future">Future of our filter</a>

           <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:Exeter/Engagement">Education and <br> Public engagement</a>

           <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:Exeter/Team">Our members</a>

                 <p class="w-50 mx-auto" id="carouselDescription">...are more evident than ever. A litany of heavy metal ions are still found to be leaching from the mine sites into passing waters. Not only does this affect the surrounding flora and fauna, but there is potential for the pollution, if unchecked, to find its way into contact with humans.</p>

                 <p class="w-50 mx-auto" id="carouselDescription">...our GMOs help the environment without doing any harm. A hydrocyclone is a cheap and economical solution for separating larger particles from the inflow. A fluidised media reactor houses our bacteria and is sandwiched between bactericidal UV boxes.</p>

                 <p class="w-50 mx-auto" id="carouselDescription">...and see how <i>E. coli</i>, housed inside a small, contained, cheap filter unit, can bind heavy metal ion pollutants with foreign metalliothioneins fused to the terminal protein of proteinaceous hairs on the cell surface.</p>

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         <h1>Pili⁺</h1>

         <h3>Modified cell surface pili as a new vogue for bacterial bioremediation</h3>

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          Heavy metal ion pollutants have significant effects on local flora and fauna and their leaching has implications for human health. Current treatment methods are energetically costly and, in the case of lime dosing, environmentally detrimental. We aim to investigate <i>E. coli</i> type 1 pili adhesion mechanisms and repurpose the involved structures to bind heavy metal ions in water. Pili are hair-like structures found on bacteria that attach to cell surface mannose molecules, using their terminal pili protein, FimH. Our aim is to fuse a variety of metal binding proteins to the FimH protein by modification of the <i>fimH</i> gene. The modified bacteria will be contained in a fluidised media reactor filter system used in conjunction with a hydrocyclone to prevent GMO release. Our modular cloning strategy, allows us to develop a toolkit for a wide number of pili applications and further future developments.

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               <p class="card-text">During the summer we worked in the lab to ...</p>