|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| | {{HBUT-China}} | | {{HBUT-China}} |
| | <html> | | <html> |
| − | <p style="text-align:center">
| + | |
| − | <strong><span style="font-family: 等线;font-size: 14px">Project </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';font-size: 14px">Description</span></strong>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p style="text-align:center">
| + | |
| − | <strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';font-size: 14px"> </span></strong>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <strong><span style="font-family: 等线;font-size: 14px">Overview</span></strong>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">For this year’</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">s iGEM Competition</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">, our team </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">will be</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> focus</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">ing</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> on</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> putting forward a biological approach to detect nickel ions as a heavy metal contaminant in the natural environment. Through our study over this summer, we are expecting to </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">make the expression of green fluorescent protein by nickel ion concentration control. In a certain concentration range, we will </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">try to </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">establish a quantitative relationship between fluorescence intensity and nickel ion concentration in the environment.</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">This may build a nickel ion concentration quantitative detection system.</span>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">In order to achieve this goal, we </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">use</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> a nickel-sensitive repressive promoter (pncrA). In the absence of nickel ions, the repressor protein (NcrB) binds to the promoter, preventing the expression of the subsequent gene. The nickel ions in the environment can bind to repressor proteins to alter the domain of the protein, so that the fluorescent protein gene behind the promoter is expressed and produces fluorescence.</span>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> </span>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <strong><span style="font-family: 等线;font-size: 14px"> </span></strong>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <strong><span style="font-family: 等线;font-size: 14px">How do we come to this idea?</span></strong>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">1</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:等线">、</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The harm of nickel ions</span></strong>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">Nickel is an </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">important</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> element </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">for</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> human</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">s.</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">Normally, the human body</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">maintains a daily </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">demand </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">of</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> 0.3mg</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> nickel</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">. </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">However, </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">it is also </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">one of </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">th</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">e </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">metal element</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">s that easily cause allergy among human beings, with an estimated 20% of people being allergic to it. As is claimed by experts, an </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">intake of </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">more than </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">0.6mg nickel</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> at a time</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">can</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> cause allerg</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">y to almost any person</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">. </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">A chronic</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> excessive intake of nickel </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">can</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> cause a variety of toxic reactions, including dermatitis, respiratory disorders and </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">even </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">respiratory cancer. In addition, nickel is also considered to be </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">one of the relevant factors that cause</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> leukemia, asthma, </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">and </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">urinary stones. A</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">lso,</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> it </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">can possibly</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> lead to reduce</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">d</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> fertility</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> and </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">teratogenic</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">ity</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">.</span>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> </span>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">2</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:等线">、</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">Nickel </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 等线">p</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">ollution</span></strong>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">Nickel pollution</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> generally refers to excessive amounts of nickel existing in the environment that humans are exposed to. Traditionally, major sources of nickel in the environment are the industry of </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">steelmaking</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> and </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">electroplating, </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">with</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">approximately</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> 85% </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">of </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">nickel </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">being</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> used </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">in certain process</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">. </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">However, w</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">ith the</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> rapid</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> development of science and technology, </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">the manufacturing of </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">electronic products</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> has brought a substantial amount of nickel ions to the environment</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">. </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">Also, w</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">ith the popularity of new energy vehicles, nickel-metal hydride batteries being its </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">major </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">power source</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> has contributed to an increasing </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">demand </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">of</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> nickel, </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">and unavoidably, an increasing amount of nickel ions to the environment as well</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">. </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">Statistics indicate that the </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">2016 global raw nickel consumption reached 200 million tons</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">. T</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">he future demand for nickel </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">is predicted to</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> continue</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">increas</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">ing at an annual 5% growth rate on average. As a consequence, we may have to anticipate a deterioration of </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">nickel pollution</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">. Therefore,</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> the detection of nickel ions in the environment </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">and hence methods to alleviate nickel pollution will be vitally important. </span>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> </span>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> </span>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">3</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="font-family:等线">、</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">The drawbacks of existing </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 等线">nickel ion </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'">detection</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 等线"> methods</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> </span></strong>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">Currently,</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> the </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">most commonly adopted method of</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">nickel ion </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">detection</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">is spectrophotometry,</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> with which </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">an amount of nickel ion within the range </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">from</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> 0.08 </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">to</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> 5.0</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">mg / L</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> in solid samples and within the range from</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> 0.25 </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">to</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> 10</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">mg / L</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> in water samples can be detected</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">. </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">However, s</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">pectrophotometry </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">has obvious limitations, being </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">very susceptible to interference from other substances</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> throughout its process and thus making itself a relatively less reliable detecting approach. Moreover,</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> the </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">procedures</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> are </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">fairly complicated</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> and costly</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> as well</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">. </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">Therefore, our</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> team </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">is striving</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> to </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">put forward</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> a biological </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">approach of nickel ion detection</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">, </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">which can achieve</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> the same accuracy</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> as s</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">pectrophotometry</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px"> yet is simpler in procedures and</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">probably much </span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">low</span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">er</span><span style=";font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px"> </span><span style=";font-family:等线;font-size:14px">in cost.</span>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| − | <p>
| + | |
| − | <br/>
| + | |
| − | </p>
| + | |
| | </html> | | </html> |
