Difference between revisions of "Team:IISER-Mohali-INDIA/Measurement"

We take this opportunity to submit two projects under Measurement. The first project measures the size of the bands on a gel doc slide. The software is written in the programming language Python and needs minimum requirements and is easy to use. It gives the band sizes in the specified lanes as the output. Efficient differentiation between closely grouped bands has been achieved and the band size is determined with reference to a standard ladder.This software produces incredibly accurate results,greatly reducing the human error involved in the detection of band sizes.The second project presents "gEco" as a graded colorimetric scale for differentiation between different concentrations of noxious gases and harmful chemicals. The color changes according to the concentration of the input chemical. It uses two colors for the extremes (0 and max) which allow us to specify the concentration using a quantized scale that we have provided. Apart from these, we have also collected and measured the pollution level in air (during the festival of diwali) and drinking water from several samples in the immediate surroundings over a period of time, which proved the need for "gEco" as the saviour of the society.

As the technology advances, Mankind gets its sources to survive at the cost of its health. The industrial revolution in the mid 19th century instigated new sources of different pollutants polluting our ambient environment. Our society started realizing the fact that this evolution is the stem for the tide of pollutants flowing into our planet’s ecosystem. Different movements and acts began to emerge stating the consequences of water and air pollution and pledging to curb it. Out of these movements, acts like Clean Air Act (1970) and Clean Water Act (1972) were very much highlighted.

Discussing some statistics in India, 6.2( just confirm this once and if possible, add the source too) premature deaths were caused by air pollution in India in 2010. In Delhi, one death takes place every hour due to air pollution. The Global Burden of Disease 2013 says that the outdoor air pollution is the largest killer in India after blood pressure, indoor air pollution and poor nutrition. Every 3rd person in India lives in an area that has noxious levels of Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter larger than 10 microns (PM10) in size. India’s Central Pollution Control Board monitored 180 cities in India in 2012 and among these cities, only 2- Malappuram and Pathanamthitta met the criteria of low air pollution.

The second project presents "gEco" as a graded colorimetric scale for differentiation between different concentrations of noxious gases and harmful chemicals. The color changes according to the concentration of the input chemical. As an example, the simulation was done for two chromophore as well as single chromophore.

As is clear from the bands, the 2 color detection is better than single chromophore. The brightness change in case of single chromophore could also result from the death of bacteria apart from the decrease in the pollutant. However, in 2 chromophore detection, the death of cells will also result in decrease of yellow chromophore making the ratio of colors as a better indicator of pollutant.

We took water samples from different hostels in IISER Mohali campus and measure the pollutant levels. IISER uses biobricks from Japan to clean water and hence, the amount of different chemicals were under appropriate limits as shown by this report.

We seek to automate the process of reading gel doc slides and give reliable band sizes as outputs in a comprehensible format with an easy-to-use software. A manual mode is also developed for graphical analysis to ease detection of fainter bands that are too close to each other to differentiate using ones eyes. The software requires minimum resources: a few Python modules, and can be adjusted to suit any gel doc machine and a variety of standard ladders. The main difficulty in differentiating very closely spaced bands, due to the inefficiency of human eyes, is done away with in this module. Furthermore, we are also working on introducing machine learning in the software to give better accuracy in this regard and also to detect extremely faint bands. The software will help students and researchers to automate the mundane and routine task of reading gel doc slides.