Team:TP-CC San Diego/InterLab
Interlab
Introduction
This year’s interlab study is intended to answer the main question of the relativity of fluorescence when measured at different parts of the world. To make this data more reliable, iGem has asked to test some RBS devices to make gene expression reliable and precise. For this year’s interlab study, TP-CC San Diego has decided to do the plate reader protocol along with transforming the plasmids from Kit 7.
Method
Over the past decade, comprehensive sequencing studies have revealed the genomic landscapes and identified important oncogenic drivers of human cancer. These efforts led to the development of cancer-specific targeted therapy, a way to improve therapeutic efficiency and overcome unsatisfying side effects. Imatinib, a chemotherapy medication which specifically targets BCR-ABL protein, is one of the successful examples for chronic myeloid leukemia treatment. In fact, patients who received imatinib have an overall survival rate of 85%. However, for certain types of cancer, targeted therapy has not shown promising results, with a response rate lower than 10%. Development of novel therapeutic strategy is still urgently needed.
Oncogene amplification is one of the most common events in cancer genome and is a frequent driving force behind cancer cell behavior. Before scientists confirmed that human somatic cells carry 46 chromosomes, abnormal chromosome numbers in cancer cell was noticed, termed aneuploidy. With the increase in the expression of certain chromosome, genes that stimulate cell growth might be amplified, eventually leading to uncontrolled cell cycle and malignant transformation.
Data
In 1965, extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) was discovered; DNA free from its traditional homes in the nucleus was documented. One study taking a look at ecDNA by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization proposed the ecDNA’s unusual number of oncogenes, but it didn’t catch enough attention because it was considered to be a rare event. Not until recently has the importance of ecDNA been revisited. The most recent study revealed that nearly 40% of oncogenes reside on ecDNA rather than the widely accepted notion that all DNA resided only on chromosomes.
Results
Similar to chromosomal DNA, ecDNA is composed by double strands of nucleic acid but form a circular structure. More importantly, ecDNA does not have a centromere for spindle fiber binding during mitosis. This unique feature allows rapid DNA multiplication and random segregation to create high heterogeneity in daughter cells during cell proliferation, implying a possible correlative relationship between the development of tumors and a faster resistance to existing treatments.
Data
In 1965, extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) was discovered; DNA free from its traditional homes in the nucleus was documented. One study taking a look at ecDNA by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization proposed the ecDNA’s unusual number of oncogenes, but it didn’t catch enough attention because it was considered to be a rare event. Not until recently has the importance of ecDNA been revisited. The most recent study revealed that nearly 40% of oncogenes reside on ecDNA rather than the widely accepted notion that all DNA resided only on chromosomes.
Results
Similar to chromosomal DNA, ecDNA is composed by double strands of nucleic acid but form a circular structure. More importantly, ecDNA does not have a centromere for spindle fiber binding during mitosis. This unique feature allows rapid DNA multiplication and random segregation to create high heterogeneity in daughter cells during cell proliferation, implying a possible correlative relationship between the development of tumors and a faster resistance to existing treatments.
Data
In 1965, extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) was discovered; DNA free from its traditional homes in the nucleus was documented. One study taking a look at ecDNA by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization proposed the ecDNA’s unusual number of oncogenes, but it didn’t catch enough attention because it was considered to be a rare event. Not until recently has the importance of ecDNA been revisited. The most recent study revealed that nearly 40% of oncogenes reside on ecDNA rather than the widely accepted notion that all DNA resided only on chromosomes.
Results
Similar to chromosomal DNA, ecDNA is composed by double strands of nucleic acid but form a circular structure. More importantly, ecDNA does not have a centromere for spindle fiber binding during mitosis. This unique feature allows rapid DNA multiplication and random segregation to create high heterogeneity in daughter cells during cell proliferation, implying a possible correlative relationship between the development of tumors and a faster resistance to existing treatments.
Data
In 1965, extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) was discovered; DNA free from its traditional homes in the nucleus was documented. One study taking a look at ecDNA by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization proposed the ecDNA’s unusual number of oncogenes, but it didn’t catch enough attention because it was considered to be a rare event. Not until recently has the importance of ecDNA been revisited. The most recent study revealed that nearly 40% of oncogenes reside on ecDNA rather than the widely accepted notion that all DNA resided only on chromosomes.
Results
Similar to chromosomal DNA, ecDNA is composed by double strands of nucleic acid but form a circular structure. More importantly, ecDNA does not have a centromere for spindle fiber binding during mitosis. This unique feature allows rapid DNA multiplication and random segregation to create high heterogeneity in daughter cells during cell proliferation, implying a possible correlative relationship between the development of tumors and a faster resistance to existing treatments.
Data
In 1965, extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) was discovered; DNA free from its traditional homes in the nucleus was documented. One study taking a look at ecDNA by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization proposed the ecDNA’s unusual number of oncogenes, but it didn’t catch enough attention because it was considered to be a rare event. Not until recently has the importance of ecDNA been revisited. The most recent study revealed that nearly 40% of oncogenes reside on ecDNA rather than the widely accepted notion that all DNA resided only on chromosomes.
Results
Similar to chromosomal DNA, ecDNA is composed by double strands of nucleic acid but form a circular structure. More importantly, ecDNA does not have a centromere for spindle fiber binding during mitosis. This unique feature allows rapid DNA multiplication and random segregation to create high heterogeneity in daughter cells during cell proliferation, implying a possible correlative relationship between the development of tumors and a faster resistance to existing treatments.
Data
In 1965, extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) was discovered; DNA free from its traditional homes in the nucleus was documented. One study taking a look at ecDNA by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization proposed the ecDNA’s unusual number of oncogenes, but it didn’t catch enough attention because it was considered to be a rare event. Not until recently has the importance of ecDNA been revisited. The most recent study revealed that nearly 40% of oncogenes reside on ecDNA rather than the widely accepted notion that all DNA resided only on chromosomes.
Results
Similar to chromosomal DNA, ecDNA is composed by double strands of nucleic acid but form a circular structure. More importantly, ecDNA does not have a centromere for spindle fiber binding during mitosis. This unique feature allows rapid DNA multiplication and random segregation to create high heterogeneity in daughter cells during cell proliferation, implying a possible correlative relationship between the development of tumors and a faster resistance to existing treatments.
