Difference between revisions of "Team:UCSC/Acetaminophen"
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| − | <p>We aim to genetically modify PCC 7942 to produce acetaminophen, a common mild anesthetic and antipyretic recognized by the WHO as an essential medicine <sup>[1]</sup>. However, in many countries with lower regulations and faulty policies regarding drug manufacturing, acetaminophen can be synthesized with lethal toxins that result in hundreds of deaths worldwide <sup>[23]</sup>. Acetaminophen is | + | <p>We aim to genetically modify <i>S. elongatus</i> PCC 7942 to produce acetaminophen, a common mild anesthetic and antipyretic recognized by the WHO as an essential medicine<sup>[1]</sup>. However, in many countries with lower regulations and faulty policies regarding drug manufacturing, acetaminophen can be synthesized with lethal toxins that result in hundreds of deaths worldwide<sup>[23]</sup>. Acetaminophen is often used in conjunction with opioid pain medications postoperatively to enhance pain relief, thus reducing reliance upon opioid pharmaceuticals<sup>[24]</sup>.</p> |
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<figcaption style="font-family: 'objektiv-mk1'; font-style: italic; font-size: 13px;">Current synthetic biology approach to manufacturing acetaminophen in E.coli <sup>[25, 26]</sup>.Genes 4ABH and nhoA were inserted to synthesize the pathway in PCC 7942. The gene from A.bisporus, 4ABH, produces 4-aminophenol while the E. coli gene nhoA converts that 4-aminophenol to acetaminophen <sup>[25]</sup>.</figcaption> | <figcaption style="font-family: 'objektiv-mk1'; font-style: italic; font-size: 13px;">Current synthetic biology approach to manufacturing acetaminophen in E.coli <sup>[25, 26]</sup>.Genes 4ABH and nhoA were inserted to synthesize the pathway in PCC 7942. The gene from A.bisporus, 4ABH, produces 4-aminophenol while the E. coli gene nhoA converts that 4-aminophenol to acetaminophen <sup>[25]</sup>.</figcaption> | ||
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<figcaption>Current synthetic biology approach to manufacturing acetaminophen in <span style="font-style: italic";>E. coli</span> <sup>[25, 26]</sup>. Genes <span style="font-style: italic";>4ABH</span> and <span style="font-style: italic";>nhoA</span> were inserted to synthesize the pathway in PCC 7942. The gene from <span style="font-style: italic";>A. bisporus, 4ABH</span>, produces 4-aminophenol while the <span style="font-style: italic";>E. coli</span> gene <span style="font-style: italic";>nhoA</span> converts that 4-aminophenol to acetaminophen <sup>[25]</sup>.</figcaption> | <figcaption>Current synthetic biology approach to manufacturing acetaminophen in <span style="font-style: italic";>E. coli</span> <sup>[25, 26]</sup>. Genes <span style="font-style: italic";>4ABH</span> and <span style="font-style: italic";>nhoA</span> were inserted to synthesize the pathway in PCC 7942. The gene from <span style="font-style: italic";>A. bisporus, 4ABH</span>, produces 4-aminophenol while the <span style="font-style: italic";>E. coli</span> gene <span style="font-style: italic";>nhoA</span> converts that 4-aminophenol to acetaminophen <sup>[25]</sup>.</figcaption> | ||
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| − | <p>We are using a previously engineered pathway in <span style="font-style: italic";>E. coli</span> as a model of acetaminophen biosynthesis to enhance PCC 7942 <sup>[26, 25]</sup>. The pathway converts chorismate, an abundant | + | <p>We are using a previously engineered pathway in <span style="font-style: italic";>E. coli</span> as a model of acetaminophen biosynthesis to enhance PCC 7942<sup>[26, 25]</sup>. The pathway converts chorismate, an abundant amino acid precursor of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, into acetaminophen with the addition ofthe <span style="font-style: italic";>4ABH</span> gene from <span style="font-style: italic";>A. bisporus</span>, an edible mushroom, and <span style="font-style: italic";>nhoA</span> from <span style="font-style: italic";>E. coli</span>. For more information on acetaminophen metabolics, check out <a href="https://2017.igem.org/Team:UCSC/Model">our modeling page!</a></p> |
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| − | <li>[1] World Health Organization, ed.,<span class="reference-italic">The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines: report of | + | <li>[1] World Health Organization, ed.,<span class="reference-italic">The Selection and Use of Essential Medicines: report of the WHO Expert Committee, 2007 ; (including the 15th model list of essential medicines).</span> No. 946in WHO Technical Report Series, Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007. OCLC: 254437808.</li> |
<li>[23] P. N. Newton, M. D. Green, and F. M. Fern ́andez, “Impact of poor-quality medicines in the‘developing’ world,”<span class="reference-italic">Trends in Pharmacological Sciences</span>, vol. 31, pp. 99–101, Mar. 2010.</li> | <li>[23] P. N. Newton, M. D. Green, and F. M. Fern ́andez, “Impact of poor-quality medicines in the‘developing’ world,”<span class="reference-italic">Trends in Pharmacological Sciences</span>, vol. 31, pp. 99–101, Mar. 2010.</li> | ||
<li>[24] S. A. Schug, D. A. Sidebotham, M. McGuinnety, J. Thomas, and L. Fox, “Acetaminophen as anadjunct to morphine by patient-controlled analgesia in the management of acute postoperativepain,”<span class="reference-italic">Anesthesia and Analgesia</span>, vol. 87, pp. 368–372, Aug. 1998.</li> | <li>[24] S. A. Schug, D. A. Sidebotham, M. McGuinnety, J. Thomas, and L. Fox, “Acetaminophen as anadjunct to morphine by patient-controlled analgesia in the management of acute postoperativepain,”<span class="reference-italic">Anesthesia and Analgesia</span>, vol. 87, pp. 368–372, Aug. 1998.</li> | ||
Latest revision as of 01:44, 2 November 2017
ACETAMINOPHEN METABOLICS
"Antipyretic drugs, by being analgesics, reduce not only the fever but also the pain."
~Clinical Manual of Fever in Children
We aim to genetically modify S. elongatus PCC 7942 to produce acetaminophen, a common mild anesthetic and antipyretic recognized by the WHO as an essential medicine[1]. However, in many countries with lower regulations and faulty policies regarding drug manufacturing, acetaminophen can be synthesized with lethal toxins that result in hundreds of deaths worldwide[23]. Acetaminophen is often used in conjunction with opioid pain medications postoperatively to enhance pain relief, thus reducing reliance upon opioid pharmaceuticals[24].
We are using a previously engineered pathway in E. coli as a model of acetaminophen biosynthesis to enhance PCC 7942[26, 25]. The pathway converts chorismate, an abundant amino acid precursor of tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine, into acetaminophen with the addition ofthe 4ABH gene from A. bisporus, an edible mushroom, and nhoA from E. coli. For more information on acetaminophen metabolics, check out our modeling page!
