"Small
Mistakes in Biosafety could have terrible global consequences"
by-
Thomas Inglesky
(centre of
biosecurity at UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH)
Biosafety refers to individual safeguards
designed to protect laboratory personnel, as well as the surrounding environment
and community. The biosafety protocols are divided into"BIOLOGICAL
SAFETY LEVELS (BSL), which are series of protection relegated to autoclave
related activities that take place in particular labs.
These levels are generally standardized
across the world, however their implementation varies from country to country,
labs to labs, organization to organizations.
These biosafety levels are ranked from 1
to 4, on the basis of agents or organisms that are being researched or worked
on, in any given laboratory settings and are determined by the following-Risks
related to containment, Severity of infection, Transmissibility, Nature of the
work conducted, Origin of the microbe, Agent in question,Route
of exposure
BIOSAFETY
IN INDIA-
IN India, a three tier mechanism
comprising Institutional Biosafety Committees (IBSC)
at the Institute/ company; the Review Committee on Genetic
Manipulation (RCGM) in the Department of Biotechnology; and the Genetic
Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) in the
Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoE&F), do
analysis for granting approval for research and development activities on
recombinant DNA products, environmental release of genetically engineered
(GE)crops and monitoring and evaluation of research activities involving
recombinant DNA technology has been established.
In
India, GMOs and products thereof are regulated as per the “Rules for the manufacture,
use/import/export and storage of hazardous microorganisms/ genetically engineered
organisms or cells, 1989” (commonly referred as Rules,
1989) notified by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF),
Government of India under the Environment (Protection) Act (1986). These rules
are implemented by MoEF, the Department of
Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology and the State
Governments through the six competent authorities notified under the Rules which
are as follows:
i.
Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RDAC)
ii.
Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC)
iii.
Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation
(RCGM)
iv.
Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee
(GEAC)
v.
State Biotechnology Coordination Committee
(SBCC)
vi.
District Level Committee (DLC).
While the RDAC has advisory in function,
IBSC, RCGM, and GEAC
Following steps are involved in the analysis
of a Genetically Modified Cell -
BIOSAFETY
AT DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE-
We at Dayalbagh
Educational Institute understand the importance of Biosafety and strongly believe
in its enforcement, therefore our lab works and experiments are carried out
under strict biosafety precautions.
Before commencing our wet lab experiments
we had received a training sessions of two days on safety and precautions to be
maintained while handling the Instruments, glassware’s and reagents in a laboratory.
For the iGEM project we are working with
the E.coli strain
(DH5 α and BL-21 ), which falls under
BSL-1(Biosafety level 1). Therefore all BSL-1 are implemented and followed
during our laboratory workings
Sterilization: Clean, Dirt free
environment is essential for getting good results. We used sanitizers and 70%
ethanol for cleaning the platform.
Toxicity Risk: Ethidium Bromide
is the most commonly used staining dye for DNA, is highly toxic as mutagens. It
may potentially cause carcinogenic effects. So for our team project we had
decided to use a less toxic dye “GEL RED” purchased from GCC biotech.
Handling of equipment:
We used all necessary equipment’s such as Autoclave, U-V trans-illuminator, Biosafety
Cabinet under the guidance of well-trained Lab-Personnel’s.
WASTE MANAGEMENT FOR OUR WORK-
Different trash containers are available
in the lab:
One for biological waste (this waste will
be autoclaved before being thrown out). Infection materials are also
decontaminated prior to disposal, generally through the use of an autoclave.
One for common waste, special container
for chemicals, Special container for waste broth and cultures
BASIC RULES FOLLOWED IN OUR LABORATORY:
In the Biosafety level 1 laboratory,
personnel is allowed to work with low risk microbes that pose little or no
threat of infection in healthy adults. Under BSL-1 following practices are
permitted-
·
Mechanical pipetting only (no mouth
pipetting allowed)
·
Safe sharps handling
·
Avoidance of splashes or aerosols
·
Daily decontamination of all work surfaces
when work is complete
·
Hand washing
·
Prohibition of food, drink and smoking
materials in lab setting
·
Personal protective equipment, such as;
eye protection, gloves and a lab coat or gown
·
Biohazard signs
Apart from following the basic guidelines,
our team takes security and safety measures at the highest priority. All
members had to wear clean Lab Coat during the practical sessions. Team members
had to wear lab sleepers, glove, goggles and mask according to demand of work.
We also ensure proper disposal of gloves, used pipette tips, Eppendorf tubes in
a separate bio hazardous container.
IGEM
2017 -TEAM DEI ensures all the protocols and safety measures
are followed and implemented during team's lab work.