We had to confirm that recombinant plasmid produced DPP4 protein and had weak, moderate, high expression for respective vector. In order to check if our recombinant plasmid works under realistic condition, inside mammalian cell, we performed transfection and western blotting.

Recombinant plasmid was inserted into HEK293T cell. With DNA transfection reagent, jetPEI(from Polyplus), we performed transfection of recombinant plasmid to mammalian cell. After certain that plasmid was successfully transfected into the cell, we moved on to verify the expression of DPP4 of each cell.

We used two IB, Flag-DPP4(1:1000 ratio) and beta-actin(1:5000 ratio). mAB ANTI beta-actin was used as internal control for western blotting. This allows equal expression of the gene in cells ubiquitously. In the picture, the expression is on 55kDa with similar band size for weak, moderate, and high(They are relatively similar). Then to observe the difference in expression regarding the Anderson promoter that controls the gene expression, we used mAB ANTI-FLAG M2. We could have used DPP4 antibody but as the vector already contains FLAG, we decided to utilize FLAG antibody to check the vector’s expression. The band on the top is shown at 100kDa and have significantly distinguishable band sizes. When we compare the size of the bands of each weak, moderate, and high, we can observe that weak has the least expression, moderate in between weak and strong, and high has the most expression. This demonstrates that our recombinant plasmid successfully functions inside the mammalian cell, not only producing DPP4 but also regulating the amount of its expression.

This phenomenon causes celiac disease; To prevent this, an enzyme called DPP4(Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4) is used which breaks down proline into n-terminal dipeptides as the picture explains

However, the last tripeptide(gln-pro-phe) does not fully break down and eventually inhibits DPP4, slowing down its process. Therefore, additional input of DPP4 is important in digestion to compensate for the inhibition.

, 2017

As the graph explains, the increasing incidence and altered presentation of pediatric celiac disease in North America was discovered. However, only temporary solutions exist: taking pills regularly or simply regulating the intake of gluten. From 2004 to 2005, sales of gluten-free foods increased by 77.8 million dollars (a growth of 14.6%). We discovered that more people are relying on temporary solutions and, thus, a fundamental solution is needed.