Laboratory      Safety Level  
 Dirk's Lab     BSL2 (moderate risk)      

 Laboratory      Safety Level  
 CEES Lab     BSL1      

 Laboratory      Safety Level  
 Lopez-Aviles Laboratory     BSL1      

Table: Organisms Used:

Organism name (used in this project)	Risk Group
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (972h-) Microscopic view of a fission yeast culture. Source: The Cell Cycle. Principles of Control. Author David O Morgan	G1
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae, SEM image Source: Sample Preparations for Scanning Electron Microscopy – Life Sciences Author Mogana Das Murtey and Patchamuthu Ramasamy	G1
E-coli strains (e.g. DH5alpha, TOP10, BL21 Gold) SEM micrograph artificially colored. Source: Phil Moyer. Photo courtesy CDC/Janice Haney Carr. Author Photo courtesy CDC/Janice Haney Carr.	G1

Source: http://www.emro.who.int/health-topics/antimicrobial-resistance/index.html

A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been modified using genetic engineering methods (i.e., a genetically modified organism). GMOs are used nowadays to produce variety of medications and also a more challenging area; genetically modified foods (GMF). It is also used in scientific research and production of other goods.

Source: History of Genetically Modified Foods". umich.edu. 21 October 2015

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of a microorganism (like bacteria, viruses, and also parasites) to neutralize an antimicrobial (e.g. antibiotics and antivirals) from working properly against it. As a outcome, standard treatments get ineffective, infections persist and could potentially spread to others.

Source: http://www.who.int/antimicrobial-resistance/en/

World Health Organization has provided a List of critical important Antibiotics to address this issue.

See WHO list of Critically Important Antimicrobials (CIA*)

source: http://www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/antimicrobial-resistance/cia/en/

Department of Bioscience, UiO has provided a set of rules/regulations to ensure working safely in lab. In particular, Local HSE criteria of Department of Bioscience also ensures to protect environment from spreading of AMR and GMOs from Lab facilities to surrounding nature. For this end, these procedures must be fulfilled before, during and at the end of Lab work:

• Procedure for work with Biological substances
• Procedure for working with genetically modified organisms (GMO)
• Procedure for waste management, including laboratory waste
• Local procedure for health and safety training and access to laboratories
• Local procedure for health and safety training and access to laboratories

For detailed information, see Procedure-laboratorywaste(UiO) HSE
Library of common procedures:

In the case of lack of a defined procedure, the library of common procedure, University of Oslo, gives the way to submit a new SOP; this happens after a comprehensive risk assessment analysis by safety specialists and confirmation by Safety Dean of Deaprtment. See More info
Resistance factors used in this project:

Name	Safety precautions
Ampicillin	not included in the critical important CIA list
Chloramphenicol	not included in the critical important CIA list
Kanamycin	not included in the critical important CIA list

Safety measures undertaken by team:

• Training for all the team by supervisors before lab work
• Working in Biosafety BSL2 Lab (in the time of working with Bacteria)
• Safe Discarding of Gloves, small samples etc. in accordance to Local HSE procedures
• Chemically termination of the GMO containing materials before discarding in accordance to Local HSE procedures

Disposal of large hazardous waste containers

Source: University of Oslo official website

Lab hazards can bear risk to your health and GMOs can potentially affect environmental health/balance. It is essential that lab workers to be aware regarding safety precautions and safe removal before/during/after lab work. All students at the UiO should receive HSE training specialized to the faculty they belong to. These are mandatory courses starting up during the first weeks of every semester. This kind of training ensures that all students, as well as other members of the working environment, have the necessary training to perform for their duties and fulfill their responsibilities put forward by their work. More info Moreover, a customized training also was set up for the whole team before initiation of project at BSL2 and BSL1 labs respectively, conducted by Lab Managers: Professor Dirk Linke, Professor Sandra Lopez Avilez and Ninna... Anders Moien assisted us as the safety advisor from the department of Bioscience in this project. This customized training by supervisors covered these headlines:

• appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE)
• proper waste disposal
• and risk assessment
Also, two mandatory act was determined by supervisors in the time of working at BSL2:

• Laboratory work: Minimum two people, Maximum four
• Laboratory work: Working under supervision of at least one instructor all the times

Research ethics

University of Oslo (UiO) keeps a strong focus on research ethics. For this end, It has prepared a plan of action for preventing academic dishonesty and providing a positive environment. A researcher have a responsibility to comply his/her work according to: standards of good research practice established scientific and ethical principles In this way UiO aims to research ethics and research safety together. Oslo iGEM team 2017 was committed to proceed their project in accordance with the mentioned criteria and official ethical guidelines approved by University of Oslo. For detailed information about this guideline please visit