Difference between revisions of "Team:TECHNION-ISRAEL/Diseases"
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| − | title="Bee stings can cause severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Data suggest that 0.6% of the population suffers from this allergy [ | + | title="Bee stings can cause severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Data suggest that 0.6% of the population suffers from this allergy [1]. |
| − | The major Bee Venom (BV) allergy inducing proteins are the phospholipase A2 proteins (PLA) [ | + | The major Bee Venom (BV) allergy inducing proteins are the phospholipase A2 proteins (PLA) [2]." |
alt="bee"> | alt="bee"> | ||
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| − | title="Allergies to peanuts are a major public health concern and life threatening. 1-2% of the population suffers from this allergy [ | + | title="Allergies to peanuts are a major public health concern and life threatening. 1-2% of the population suffers from this allergy [3]. Common symptoms include acute allergic rash, acute vomiting, laryngeal oedema, hypotension, and dysrhythmia. |
| − | The major allergy inducing proteins in peanuts are generally considered to be Ara h 1 and Ara h 3 that are members of the cupin superfamily of proteins [ | + | The major allergy inducing proteins in peanuts are generally considered to be Ara h 1 and Ara h 3 that are members of the cupin superfamily of proteins [4]." |
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| − | title="Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting approximately 400,000 people in the United States and 2.1 million people worldwide [ | + | title="Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting approximately 400,000 people in the United States and 2.1 million people worldwide [5]. It is caused as a result of T cells attacking the myelin sheath surrounding neurons. The myelin is unique to the nervous system, and helps to transfer electrical signals between nerve cells. This disease results in reduction of the myelin sheath and causes damage to various organs including the spinal cord, brain, and optic nerve, ultimately leading to pathology and disability [6]." |
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| − | title="Celiac is a long term autoimmune disorder affecting the internal intestine that is caused due to T cells attacking the Gliadin which is absorbed in the inner wall cells of the small intestine. Gliadin is one of a two proteins that forms gluten. This process leads to severe inflammation, and thus interferes with the absorption of food and greatly increases the chances of contracting colorectal cancer. The prevalence of celiac disease is approximately 0.5 | + | title="Celiac is a long term autoimmune disorder affecting the internal intestine that is caused due to T cells attacking the Gliadin which is absorbed in the inner wall cells of the small intestine. Gliadin is one of a two proteins that forms gluten. This process leads to severe inflammation, and thus interferes with the absorption of food and greatly increases the chances of contracting colorectal cancer. The prevalence of celiac disease is approximately 0.5-1% in different parts of the world [7]. |
The only treatment that eliminates all symptoms (but does not cure the disease) is a strict avoidance of foods containing gluten." | The only treatment that eliminates all symptoms (but does not cure the disease) is a strict avoidance of foods containing gluten." | ||
alt="Celiac"> | alt="Celiac"> | ||
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| − | title="Diabetes type 1 is a chronic disease of the pancreas that is caused due to T cells attacking the insulin producing beta cells, within the pancreas. Globally, nearly 40 million people | + | title="Diabetes type 1 is a chronic disease of the pancreas that is caused due to T cells attacking the insulin producing beta cells, within the pancreas. Globally, nearly 40 million people suffer from type I diabetes. This disease leads pancreatic dysfunction and insulin dependence [8]." |
alt="type1"> | alt="type1"> | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
<h3> Epitopes </h3> | <h3> Epitopes </h3> | ||
| − | <p>An Epitope is the part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or T cells. </p> | + | <p>An Epitope is the part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or T cells. <br> |
| + | Below are the epitopes we used to prevent the diseases we focused on. </p> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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<div class= "references"> | <div class= "references"> | ||
<ol> | <ol> | ||
| − | <li id="ref1"> | + | <li id="ref1">Ewan, Pamela W. "ABC of allergies: venom allergy." BMJ: <i>British Medical Journal</i> 316.7141 (1998): 1365.</li> |
| − | <li id="ref2"> | + | <li id="ref2">Müller, U., et al. "Increased specificity of diagnostic tests with recombinant major bee venom allergen phospholipase A2." <i>Clinical & Experimental Allergy</i> 27.8 (1997): 915-920.</li> |
| − | <li id="ref3 | + | <li id="ref3">Al-Muhsen, Saleh, Ann E. Clarke, and Rhoda S. Kagan. "Peanut allergy: an overview."<i> Canadian Medical Association Journal</i> 168.10 (2003): 1279-1285.</li> |
| − | + | <li id="ref4">Mueller, Geoffrey A., Soheila J. Maleki, and Lars C. Pedersen. "The molecular basis of peanut allergy." <i>Current allergy and asthma reports </i>14.5 (2014): 1-9.</li> | |
| − | + | <li id="ref5">Dilokthornsakul, Piyameth, et al. "Multiple sclerosis prevalence in the United States commercially insured population."<i> Neurology</i> 86.11 (2016): 1014-1021.</li> | |
| − | <li id=" | + | <li id="ref6">Fletcher, J. M., et al. "T cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis." <i>Clinical & Experimental Immunology</i> 162.1 (2010): 1-11.</li> |
| − | <li id=" | + | <li id="ref7">Gujral, Naiyana, Hugh J. Freeman, and Alan BR Thomson. "Celiac disease: prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment."<i>7 World journal of gastroenterology: WJG</i> 18.42 (2012): 6036.</li> |
| − | <li id=" | + | <li id="ref8">Reuters, Thomson. “Diabetes cases soar to record 382 million worldwide.” CBCnews, CBC/Radio Canada, 14 Nov. 2013, www.cbc.ca/news/health/diabetes-cases-hit-record-382-million-worldwide-1.2426381.</li> |
<li id="ref9">Mendel, Itzhack, Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo, and Avraham Ben‐Nun. "A myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide induces typical chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in H-2b mice: Fine specificity and T cell receptor Vβ expression of encephalitogenic T cells." <i>European journal of immunology</i> 25.7 (1995): 1951-1959.</li> | <li id="ref9">Mendel, Itzhack, Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo, and Avraham Ben‐Nun. "A myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide induces typical chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in H-2b mice: Fine specificity and T cell receptor Vβ expression of encephalitogenic T cells." <i>European journal of immunology</i> 25.7 (1995): 1951-1959.</li> | ||
<li id="ref10">Narendran, Parth, Stuart I. Mannering, and Leonard C. Harrison. "Proinsulin—a pathogenic autoantigen in type 1 diabetes." <i>Autoimmunity reviews</i> 2.4 (2003): 204-210</li> | <li id="ref10">Narendran, Parth, Stuart I. Mannering, and Leonard C. Harrison. "Proinsulin—a pathogenic autoantigen in type 1 diabetes." <i>Autoimmunity reviews</i> 2.4 (2003): 204-210</li> | ||
Latest revision as of 02:09, 2 November 2017
Diseases & Epitopes
There are hundreds of autoimmune and allergic diseases. They have a tremendous effect on people’s lives, and exact a heavy financial and emotional cost. In our project, we chose to focus on five specific diseases. We chose these diseases because they are familiar and very different in their pathophysiology, thus demonstrating both the pertinence, and modularity, of our proposed treatment.
click on the different parts in the image
Epitopes
An Epitope is the part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or T cells.
Below are the epitopes we used to prevent the diseases we focused on.
| Allergies / autoimmune diseases |
Epitopes | Amino acids sequences |
|---|---|---|
| Multiple sclerosis | Domain 1 in the MOG - myelin oligodendrocyte protein | GQFRVIGPGHPIRALVGDEAE [9] |
| Domain 2 in the MOG - myelin oligodendrocyte protein | MEVGMYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK [9] | |
| Domain 3 in the MOG - myelin oligodendrocyte protein | SYQEEAAVELKVED [9] | |
| Diabetes type 1 | Proinsulin | MALWMRLLPL LALLALWGPD PAAAFVNQHLCGSHLVEALY LVCGERGFFYTPKTRREAED LQVGQVELGG GPGAGSLQPL ALEGSLQKRG IVEQCCTSIC SLYQLENYCN [10] |
| Celiac | Domain 1 in the 33 mer peptide | PFPQPQLPY [11] [12] |
| Domain 2 in the 33 mer peptide | PQPQLPYPQ [11] [12] | |
| Domain 3 in the 33 mer peptide | PYPQPQLPY [11] [12] | |
| Peanut allergy | Overlapping domain 1 between Ara-h2 and Ara-h6 proteins | KRELRN [13] [14] |
| Overlapping domain 2 between Ara-h2 and Ara-h6 proteins | LQGRQQ [13] [14] | |
| Overlapping domain 3 between Ara-h2 and Ara-h6 proteins | DPYSPS [13] [14] | |
| Bee venom allergy | Domain 1 in the phospholipase A2 (PLA) protein | CLHYTVDKSKPK [15] |
| Domain 2 in the phospholipase A2 (PLA) protein | YFVGKMYFNLID [15] | |
| Domain 3 in the phospholipase A2 (PLA) protein | ESKHGLTNTASHTRLSCD [15] |
- Ewan, Pamela W. "ABC of allergies: venom allergy." BMJ: British Medical Journal 316.7141 (1998): 1365.
- Müller, U., et al. "Increased specificity of diagnostic tests with recombinant major bee venom allergen phospholipase A2." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 27.8 (1997): 915-920.
- Al-Muhsen, Saleh, Ann E. Clarke, and Rhoda S. Kagan. "Peanut allergy: an overview." Canadian Medical Association Journal 168.10 (2003): 1279-1285.
- Mueller, Geoffrey A., Soheila J. Maleki, and Lars C. Pedersen. "The molecular basis of peanut allergy." Current allergy and asthma reports 14.5 (2014): 1-9.
- Dilokthornsakul, Piyameth, et al. "Multiple sclerosis prevalence in the United States commercially insured population." Neurology 86.11 (2016): 1014-1021.
- Fletcher, J. M., et al. "T cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis." Clinical & Experimental Immunology 162.1 (2010): 1-11.
- Gujral, Naiyana, Hugh J. Freeman, and Alan BR Thomson. "Celiac disease: prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment."7 World journal of gastroenterology: WJG 18.42 (2012): 6036.
- Reuters, Thomson. “Diabetes cases soar to record 382 million worldwide.” CBCnews, CBC/Radio Canada, 14 Nov. 2013, www.cbc.ca/news/health/diabetes-cases-hit-record-382-million-worldwide-1.2426381.
- Mendel, Itzhack, Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo, and Avraham Ben‐Nun. "A myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide induces typical chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in H-2b mice: Fine specificity and T cell receptor Vβ expression of encephalitogenic T cells." European journal of immunology 25.7 (1995): 1951-1959.
- Narendran, Parth, Stuart I. Mannering, and Leonard C. Harrison. "Proinsulin—a pathogenic autoantigen in type 1 diabetes." Autoimmunity reviews 2.4 (2003): 204-210
- Ozuna, Carmen V., et al. "Diversification of the celiac disease α‐gliadin complex in wheat: a 33‐mer peptide with six overlapping epitopes, evolved following polyploidization." The Plant Journal 82.5 (2015): 794-805
- Schalk, Kathrin, et al. "Quantitation of the immunodominant 33-mer peptide from α-gliadin in wheat flours by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry." Scientific Reports 7 (2017): 45092.
- Mishra, Ankita, Anuja Jain, and Naveen Arora. "Mapping B‐cell epitopes of major and minor peanut allergens and identifying residues contributing to IgE binding." Journal of the science of food and agriculture 96.2 (2016): 539-547.
- Otsu, K., R. Guo, and S. C. Dreskin. "Epitope analysis of Ara h 2 and Ara h 6: characteristic patterns of IgE‐binding fingerprints among individuals with similar clinical histories." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 45.2 (2015): 471-484.
- Carballido, J. M., et al. "T cell epitope specificity in human allergic andnonallergic subjects to bee venom phospholipase A2." The Journal of Immunology 150.8 (1993): 3582-3591
Department of Biotechnology & Food Engineering
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Haifa 32000, Israel
igem.technion.2017@gmail.com
