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Revision as of 18:34, 17 October 2017
Collaborations
Click on the map to find out about each team participated in the collaboration.
Manchester Team
Track: Environment
Our project is tackling two environmental problems: eutrophication and phosphorus reserves depletion. We have designed bacteria which can accumulate phosphorus from water, thus killing two birds with one stone.
As part of our Integrated Human Practices, we have created a business model for our project. This document helped us to decide where our potential business could be most easily set up from a legal point of view.
Virginia Team
Track: Environment
Our project focused on improving the wastewater treatment process through uniting the functions of nitrification and denitrification in a single chassis. This system is more energy-efficient as less water oxygenation is required.
Knowing what legislation within the United States regulates the use of GMOs within the environment and with products such as drinking water is important if we want to make our project usable outside the laboratory.
IIT_Delhi Team
Track: Information processing
Our team worked on a square wave generator, which has the potential to revolutionize the periodic drug delivery, biological clocks, bacterial memory storage systems and many other fields.
This GMM regulations document was a great source of help to commercialise the iGEM project with the rules laid down for business across the globe, guiding through the best place for setup.
ITB_Indonesia Team
Track: Environment
Our project tackled the problem of microplastic water pollution by designing bacteria that could degrade micro-plastic on the open ocean.
This document provided the regulation information for the future worldwide implementation of our project, which made us consider the role our project might play in the developing world.
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Macquarie Team
Track: Energy
Our team researched the use of genetically modified E-coli to produce hydrogen gas as a sustainable, zero-emission fuel source. Our prototype is a refuelling station that utilises our technology to enable drivers of hydrogen-powered vehicles to refuel their vehicle at home.
This document was very helpful in developing our business plan as it guided our decisions about consumer perceptions of GMOs, laws that we need to consider and authoritative bodies we will need to approach should we produce and sell our product in overseas markets.
Botchan_Lab_Tokyo Team
Track: Food & nutrition
Our team worked on creating nitrogen fixating E.coli, which can help babies under 1000 days suffering from malnutrition. Theoretically, our bacteria could help babies turn nitrogen from air they inhale into proteins.
As our future vision, we thought of commercialising our GMMs by putting nitrogen-fixing GMMs into specific capsules. This document helped us when thinking how we can commercialise our project.
KUAS_Korea Team
Track: Diagnostics
Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info.
Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how?
AQA Unesp Team
Track: Therapeutics
Our project aims to develop a new treatment for type 1 diabetes using genetically engineered probiotic bacteria.
This document was very useful for us to understand the laws in our country as the research we undertook made us realize the complexity of Brazilian legislations regarding GMOs used for therapeutical reasons.
UChile_OpenBio-CeBiB Team
Track: Environment
Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info.
Creating this document made us realise Chile stands out due to the lack of regulations for GMO. This prompted us to introducing a debate into the community about the implementation of regulations for GMM, which expanded the human practices part of our project.
UAlberta Team
Track: Foundational advance
Team UALberta has developed a buoyancy-based screening system for protein-protein interactions in E-Coli.
This document put to perspective the worldwide concerns associated with genetic modification of organisms. We used it to educate the general public about the overarching reach of synthetic biology and its place in modern society.
Click on the map to find out about each team participated in the collaboration.
Manchester Team
Track: Environment
Our project is tackling two environmental problems: eutrophication and phosphorus reserves depletion. We have designed bacteria which can accumulate phosphorus from water, thus killing two birds with one stone.
As part of our Integrated Human Practices, we have created a business model for our project. This document helped us to decide where our potential business could be most easily set up from a legal point of view.
Virginia Team
Track: Environment
Our project focused on improving the wastewater treatment process through uniting the functions of nitrification and denitrification in a single chassis. This system is more energy-efficient as less water oxygenation is required.
Knowing what legislation within the United States regulates the use of GMOs within the environment and with products such as drinking water is important if we want to make our project usable outside the laboratory.
IIT_Delhi Team
Track: Information processing
Our team worked on a square wave generator, which has the potential to revolutionize the periodic drug delivery, biological clocks, bacterial memory storage systems and many other fields.
This GMM regulations document was a great source of help to commercialise the iGEM project with the rules laid down for business across the globe, guiding through the best place for setup.
ITB_Indonesia Team
Track: Environment
Our project tackled the problem of microplastic water pollution by designing bacteria that could degrade micro-plastic on the open ocean.
This document provided the regulation information for the future worldwide implementation of our project, which made us consider the role our project might play in the developing world.
Macquarie Team
Track: Energy
Our team researched the use of genetically modified E-coli to produce hydrogen gas as a sustainable, zero-emission fuel source. Our prototype is a refuelling station that utilises our technology to enable drivers of hydrogen-powered vehicles to refuel their vehicle at home.
This document was very helpful in developing our business plan as it guided our decisions about consumer perceptions of GMOs, laws that we need to consider and authoritative bodies we will need to approach should we produce and sell our product in overseas markets.
Botchan_Lab_Tokyo Team
Track: Food & nutrition
Our team worked on creating nitrogen fixating E.coli, which can help babies under 1000 days suffering from malnutrition. Theoretically, our bacteria could help babies turn nitrogen from air they inhale into proteins.
As our future vision, we thought of commercialising our GMMs by putting nitrogen-fixing GMMs into specific capsules. This document helped us when thinking how we can commercialise our project.
KUAS_Korea Team
Track: Diagnostics
Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info.
Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how? Help how?
AQA Unesp Team
Track: Therapeutics
Our project aims to develop a new treatment for type 1 diabetes using genetically engineered probiotic bacteria.
This document was very useful for us to understand the laws in our country as the research we undertook made us realize the complexity of Brazilian legislations regarding GMOs used for therapeutical reasons.
UChile_OpenBio-CeBiB Team
Track: Environment
Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info Project info.
Creating this document made us realise Chile stands out due to the lack of regulations for GMO. This prompted us to introducing a debate into the community about the implementation of regulations for GMM, which expanded the human practices part of our project.
UAlberta Team
Track: Foundational advance
Team UALberta has developed a buoyancy-based screening system for protein-protein interactions in E-Coli.
This document put to perspective the worldwide concerns associated with genetic modification of organisms. We used it to educate the general public about the overarching reach of synthetic biology and its place in modern society.
Introduction
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed condimentum turpis ut aliquam pellentesque. Quisque consectetur quam lorem, ut varius elit mollis euismod. Fusce gravida orci metus, nec cursus dui pulvinar quis. Vivamus accumsan magna tortor, quis egestas magna faucibus in. Morbi enim sem, sollicitudin viverra viverra et, tempor sit amet justo. Quisque malesuada magna eu lorem egestas, quis molestie lectus sollicitudin. Donec varius magna vel eros faucibus, vel cursus eros condimentum. Donec justo lacus, tempus sed vestibulum quis, semper vitae nulla. Nam vel accumsan mi. Cras molestie, risus in hendrerit laoreet, sapien mauris ultricies enim, in fermentum ligula nibh a tellus. In vitae sollicitudin nibh. Praesent convallis consectetur vulputate. Vestibulum faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor. Morbi commodo cursus lacus, et ullamcorper nibh lacinia in. Mauris lectus enim, sodales vel dolor eget, volutpat volutpat purus. Quisque vitae odio pellentesque, pulvinar lorem eu, congue ligula. Morbi magna sem, pharetra sed sagittis quis, aliquam sit amet purus. Aliquam eget est ut ligula facilisis gravida ut ut ante. Nullam quis venenatis nulla. Nam facilisis ex in ligula consequat posuere. Pellentesque id arcu mattis, gravida elit a, hendrerit ante. Integer mollis justo sed vestibulum vehicula.
Summaries
Summary coming soon.
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Summary coming soon.
1. What institutional body enforces the laws regarding the use of GMMs?
All laws regarding the use of GMMs stem from the Coordinated Framework for Regulation of Biotechnology.
In accordance with Foods and Drugs Act, Health Canada, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Environment Canada are the administrative branches responsible for the regulation of products derived from biotechnology. Health Canada’s role is to enforce standards for safety and nutritional quality of all foods sold in Canada. It works under the Foods and Drugs Act. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) role is to minimize diseases and other public health hazards that could potentially be caused by the food supply system. Fisheries and Oceans Canada role is to regulate Canadian fisheries, oceans and freshwater resources. This joint effort helps ensure that informed decisions regarding GMMs by pooling the expertise and considerations of each agency together.
European Commission is the institution responsible for proposing and implementing legislations applying to all member countries. Member countries may additionally restrict or prohibit the cultivation of GMMs in their territory. This possibility, however, is regulated by Directive (EU) 2015/412 adopted by the EU.
In Australia, the use of GMMs is regulated under a nationwide legislative framework consisting of two main branches: the Gene Technology Regulator and Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ). Individual states and territories also have their own legislation in accordance with this framework.
In Brazil, the Biosafety Law (Law 11105/05) sets the safety rules and fiscalisation of GMMs and its derivatives in the national territory. The National Technical Committee of Biosafety (CTNBio) is responsible for enforcing the laws and setting the rules for the construction, experimentation, cultivation, manipulation, transport, commercialization, consumption, release and discarding of GMMs and its derivatives.
Chile doesn’t have a clear regulation for biotechnology. However, the Agricultural and Livestock Service is responsible for the importation, sowing and propagation of GMOs, also regulating the exportation of seeds (Law N° 3.557/82 actualised Law N°1523/2001). The Ministry of Health, on the other hand, regulates the labelling of food made with the use of GMOs (Article 107).
India is currently undergoing a massive overhaul in their laws and regulations regarding GMOs. Currently, there is a proposed “Regulations and guidelines on biosafety of recombinant DNA research and biocontainment, 2017’ draft that has been prepared and opened for comments. Currently, under the proposal, the following 6 bodies are in charge of enforcing laws regarding GMOs and GMMs -
1. Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RDAC) - Advisory
2. Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC) - Regulatory/ Approval
3. Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation (RCGM) - Regulatory/ Approval
4. Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) - Regulatory/ Approval
5. State Biotechnology Coordination Committee (SBCC) - Regulatory/ Approval
6. Monitoring District Level Committee (DLC) - Monitoring
The laws regarding the use of GMMs are regulated by 4 ministries: The Ministry of Agriculture, The Ministry of Forestry and Plantation, The Ministry of Health, and The Ministry of Food and Horticulture. They created the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 year of 2005 (PP No. 21/2005) on Biosafety of GMO.
In Japan, mainly Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Ministry of the Environment is responsible for the use of GMMs. With these ministries at the core, other institutions such as Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare are also responsible for GMMs in each related field.
The usage of the GMMs in Korea is strictly regulated by the GMO Law, established on Jan 28, 2001. The Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy takes charge of this law.2. Who regulates the use of GMMs on a case-by-case basis?
The US Food and Drug Administration regulates any GMMs that get used in consumer products, such as GMMs in food or cosmetics. The US Department of Agriculture regulates any genetic modification of plants. However, any GMMs that are to be released into the environment are regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency.
Manufacturers wishing to make their products available in Canada are required to submit paperwork (including manufacturing and quality control methodologies, pre-clinical and clinical tests, side effects and limitation), as well multiple samples in the case of biologics, to Health Canada. Health Canada will then evaluate the product according to the regulations set out in the Food and Drugs Act, the Food and Drugs Regulations, and the Medical Devices Regulations.
All member countries are obliged to establish ’competent authorities,’ institutions responsible for overseeing the use of GMMs on a case-by-case basis.
It is the role of the Gene Technology Regulator Advisory Committee to assess all data supplied by any applicant (who is intending to release GMMs into the environment) and perform a comprehensive literature review to determine whether or not it will be approved. FSANZ also regulates the use of GMMs in foods for human consumption on an individual case-by-case basis.
The Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Anvisa) approves and inspects the use of GMMs and its derivatives in any products for human use (e.g., pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceuticals, cosmetics and food). The Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Supply (MAPA) is responsible for regulating the use of modified seeds and plants. All GMMs must be approved for release by CTNBio.
Environment Ministry regulates crops for production with environmental impact service (SEA) (Law N° 19.300/1994). The Health Ministry has a specific regulation for food and drinks. For the propagation of any GMO, the Agricultural and Livestock Service is in charge.
As per the proposed “Regulations and guidelines on biosafety of recombinant DNA research and biocontainment, 2017’’, the following has been proposed -
Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) [formerly known as Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC), has been established under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC). The major functions of GEAC as prescribed in the Rules 1989 are:
i. To appraise activities involving large scale use of hazardous microorganisms and recombinants in research and industrial production from the environmental angle.
ii. To appraise proposals relating to release of genetically engineered organisms and products into the environment including experimental field trials.
iii. The committee or any persons authorized by it has powers to take punitive action under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
The SBCC is a monitoring committee at State level and it shall have powers:
i. To inspect, investigate and to take punitive action in case of violations of statutory provisions through the State Pollution Control Board or the Directorate of Health etc.
ii. To review periodically the safety and control measures in various institutions handling GE Organisms.
iii. To act as nodal agency at State level to assess the damage, if any, due to release of GE Organisms and to take on site control measures.
There shall be a District Level Biotechnology Committee (DLC) in the districts wherever necessary under the District Collectors to monitor the safety regulations in installations engaged in the use of genetically modified organisms/ hazardous microorganisms and its applications in the environment.
The District Level Committee/or any other person/s authorized in this behalf shall visit the installation engaged in activity involving genetically engineered organisms, hazardous microorganisms, formulate information chart, find out hazards and risks associated with each of these installations and coordinate activities with a view to meeting any emergency. They shall also prepare an off-site emergency plan. The District Level Committee shall regularly submit its report to the SBCC/ GEAC.
On a case-by-case basis, it is regulated by a specific non-ministry government institution The Biosafety Commission and The Technical Team for Biosafety on 5 different fields: foods, plants, animals, fishes, and microorganisms. They review all the required technical documents and inform whether or not it is needed to do a follow-up laboratory test and so on.
In Japan, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, and Ministry of the Environment regulate the use of GMMs on research and development. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Ministry of the Environment regulate the use of GMMs that are agricultural produce. Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare and Ministry of the Environment regulate the use of GMMs that are pharmaceuticals for human body.
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology regulates the gene recombination experiments. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry regulates the use of GMMs on a production of enzymes for industrial use. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries regulates the use of GMMs on a production or sale of experimental animals.
The committee of the Biosafety is the umbrella body for other GMO supervising ministries. With the help of the Korea Biosafety Clearing House (KBCH), which is the information center, each Ministry takes care of case falling under their supervision. For instance, the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning is in charge of the academical usages of GMOs.3. What legal requirements do I have to fulfil in order to be able to use GMMs in my business?
Vestibulum us faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum canada faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
A. If your business involves contained use of GMMs,
1. Run a risk assessment
2. Assign an appropriate risk class to your activity
3. Notify the competent authority about your planned use
4. Follow the safety measures which apply to the risk class identified
For more details, read Directive 2009/41/EC.
B. If your business involves releasing GMOs into the environment,
1. Run a risk assessment
2. Notify the competent authority about your planned use
3. After completion of a release, send to the competent authority the result of the release in respect of any risk to human health or the environment
4. Notify the competent authority about your product placement on the market
5. Following the placing on the market of a GMO as or in a product, ensure that monitoring and reporting on it are carried out according to the conditions specified in the consent.
For more details, read Directive 2001/18/EC.
C. If your business involves selling or producing genetically modified food or feed,
1. Apply to a competent authority supplying them with relevant information
2. Follow appropriate labelling guidelines once you have received the authorisation
For more details, read Regulation (EC) 1829/2003.
D. If the product you want to sell inside the EU includes GMO,
1. Inform trade buyers in writing that a product contains GMOs (or provide a ‘declaration of use’ for products intended for food or animal feed).
2. Communicate the unique identifiers assigned to each GMO under the regulation.
3. Identify each ingredient produced from GMOs, if an ingredients list exists (for food and feed).
This information should be provided at every stage in the production and distribution chain and kept for 5 years.
For more details, read Regulation (EC) 1830/2003.
E. Finally, check if the country in which you plan to start your business, does not have additional restrictions. You should contact the competent authority operating in your country before you commit any capital.
Vestibulum aus faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum brazil faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum chile faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum india faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum indonesia faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum japan faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum korea faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.4. As an employer who exposes their workers to biological agents, what safety measures am I obliged to adopt?
Vestibulum us faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum canada faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum European Union faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum aus faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum brazil faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum chile faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum india faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum indonesia faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum japan faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum korea faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.5. As a consumer, how do I know if a product I want to buy contains GMO?
Vestibulum us faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum canada faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum European Union faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum aus faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum brazil faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum chile faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum india faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum indonesia faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum japan faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum korea faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.6. What are the most important documents related to GMMs?
Vestibulum us faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum canada faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum European Union faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum aus faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum brazil faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum chile faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum india faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum indonesia faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum japan faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Vestibulum korea faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor.
Reflection
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed condimentum turpis ut aliquam pellentesque. Quisque consectetur quam lorem, ut varius elit mollis euismod. Fusce gravida orci metus, nec cursus dui pulvinar quis. Vivamus accumsan magna tortor, quis egestas magna faucibus in. Morbi enim sem, sollicitudin viverra viverra et, tempor sit amet justo. Quisque malesuada magna eu lorem egestas, quis molestie lectus sollicitudin. Donec varius magna vel eros faucibus, vel cursus eros condimentum. Donec justo lacus, tempus sed vestibulum quis, semper vitae nulla. Nam vel accumsan mi. Cras molestie, risus in hendrerit laoreet, sapien mauris ultricies enim, in fermentum ligula nibh a tellus. In vitae sollicitudin nibh. Praesent convallis consectetur vulputate. Vestibulum faucibus augue a pretium interdum. Phasellus eros felis, tincidunt eget odio a, imperdiet consequat ipsum. Duis bibendum mattis efficitur. Etiam auctor id elit at fringilla. Donec pretium, ex id pellentesque varius, risus lacus pellentesque tortor, non tincidunt eros libero vel mi. Morbi viverra tempor mattis. Curabitur mattis sed dolor in aliquet. Maecenas nec metus at nibh gravida commodo id vel dolor. Morbi commodo cursus lacus, et ullamcorper nibh lacinia in. Mauris lectus enim, sodales vel dolor eget, volutpat volutpat purus. Quisque vitae odio pellentesque, pulvinar lorem eu, congue ligula. Morbi magna sem, pharetra sed sagittis quis, aliquam sit amet purus. Aliquam eget est ut ligula facilisis gravida ut ut ante. Nullam quis venenatis nulla. Nam facilisis ex in ligula consequat posuere. Pellentesque id arcu mattis, gravida elit a, hendrerit ante. Integer mollis justo sed vestibulum vehicula.
