Difference between revisions of "Team:Hong Kong HKU/Description"

What is Huntington's disease?

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder that results in the death of brain cells. Genetic mutations, namely the trinucleotide repeats in the Huntingtin gene (HTT) located on Chromosome 4, lead to the development of HD [1] . Though the disease is incurable, early diagnosis can help to better relieve symptoms by allowing treatments to start sooner. In the early stages of HD, only subtle changes in personality, cognitive and physical abilities can be identified.

Early Diagnosis of Huntington's disease

Diagnosis of HD (in cases where the parents do not have HD) is usually carried out only after symptoms are identified and the patient approaches the medical professionals. As the early symptoms are generally not severe enough to be recognized as HD symptoms on their own, the treatment is usually delayed. Although commercially available RT-PCR arrays for Huntington’s disease gene targets do exist, they tend to be time-consuming and require a level of lab expertise[2] (Figure 2) According to the interviews conducted with the medical workers using various diagnostics tools, their primary concerns were the accuracy of the test and the ease of use. We hope to allow prompt treatment with our non-invasive and highly accessible diagnostic method.

DNA nanostructures and miRNAs as biomarkers

Compared to its antibody based counterparts, DNA based diagnostic device are more stable and do not require a cold-chain, the maintenance of proteins at cool temperature to avoid degradation[3]. DNA has emerged as a promising material that allows researchers to construct novel designs as its structure could be predicted easily and accurately[4]. Examples of DNA nanostructures include nano-tweezers to detect norovirus and a DNA ‘Nano-Claw’ (Figure 4) to detect membrane markers of cancer cells [5,6]