Difference between revisions of "Team:Manchester/Description"
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Revision as of 14:36, 21 August 2017
friendliness for isolation - but for phosphorus there is neither substitution nor replacement."
友好取代孤立 - 但是磷既不能取代也没有替代品。”
- Isaac Asimov’s ‘Life’s Bottleneck’
- Isaac Asimov的 “人生的瓶颈”
Phosphorus, one of the most common element on earth, is a fundamental element for all living organisms. From DNA to cell membranes, phosphorus is essential for a variety of biological molecules. Phosphorus is also vital for food production as it is one of the three main component of agricultural fertilizers, alongside nitrogen and potassium.
Unfortunately, phosphate rock is a finite resource. The vast majority of the reserves can only be found in Morocco which controls 77% of the global phosphate reserves with 50 billion tonnes. Peak phosphorus is expected to be reached around 2030 and reserves are predicted to be exhausted in 50-100 years if current rates of extraction does not change. This will deliver a serious blow to the rising world population as meeting increasing demand for food may become an impossible task.
At the same time, significant amounts of phosphorus end up in rivers and lakes as agricultural wastewater, giving rise to a major environmental problem: eutrophication. Eutrophication creates algal blooms, exhausting dissolved oxygen levels and killing aquatic organisms, thus heavily reducing biodiversity and disrupting our ecosystem. Hence, there is a need for a solution to conserve and recycle phosphate efficiently.
磷是地球上最常见的元素之一，是所有生物体的基本要素。 从脱氧核糖核酸到细胞膜，磷对于各种生物分子是必不可少的。磷对于粮食生产来说也是至关重要的，因为它是农业肥料除了氮和钾之外的三大主要成分之一。
不幸的是，磷酸盐岩是有限的资源。绝大部分的储备分布于摩洛哥，多达全球磷酸盐储备的77％也就是500亿吨。磷峰值预计将在2030年左右达到，而如果目前的提取率没有变化，预计储备将会在50-100年内用尽。 这将对世界人口趋势造成严重打击，因为满足日益增加的食品需求将成为不可能的任务。
与此同时，农业废水中大量的磷盐流入河流和湖泊，造成一个重大的环境问题：富营养化。 富营养化造成藻华，耗尽溶解氧并导致水生生物窒息而死亡，从而大大减少生物多样性并破坏自然生态的平衡。因此，我们紧需一个能有效保存和回收磷酸盐的解决方案。
We are engineering a bacteria that can store and accumulate increased levels of phosphate through microcompartments. Phosphate is stored in bacteria in the form of a polyphosphate chain, built by the enzyme, polyphosphate kinase (PPK). Exopolyphosphatase (PPX) functions to breaks down this chain, providing phosphate to be used by the bacteria.
We are targeting PPK to the inside of the microcompartment, enabling chains of phosphate to be stored within the protective protein shell. Because it is inside this storage, PPX and the bacteria cannot get access to the phosphate chain and therefore will take up more phosphate from its surroundings to make up for the unaccessible phosphate. This creates a bacteria that can take up and store a higher level of phosphate than normal.
To find out how we will achieve this experimentally, please click here to visit our wet lab page.
我们正在设计一种细菌，可以通过细菌微区室储存和积聚大量的磷酸盐。 磷酸盐通过多聚磷酸盐激酶（PPK）的催化以多聚磷酸盐的形式储存在细菌中，而外切聚磷酸酶（PPX）分解多聚磷酸盐末端，脱去磷酸盐残基。 同时，由蛋白质壳组成的细菌微区室能够作为保护外层。
当PPK被标记到微区室的内部时，微区室保护多聚磷酸盐不被PPX分解，因此多聚磷酸盐可以被大量的积聚。细菌将从周围的环境吸收更多的磷酸盐，产生比普通细菌更高的磷酸盐水平。
参考我们的实验计划。
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