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− | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear:left; text-align: left; font-size: 40px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 700 !important;">Prof. Dr. | + | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear:left; text-align: left; font-size: 40px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 700 !important;">Prof. Dr. Kevin Esvelt</p> |
− | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear: left; text-align: left; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px"> | + | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear: left; text-align: left; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px">Director of the Sculpting Evolution group</p> |
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+ | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear: left; text-align: left; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</p> | ||
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− | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px"> | + | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px"> PhD student in Astroinformatics</p> |
− | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;"> | + | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;">HITS – Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies</p> |
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− | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px"> | + | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px">PhD Student and Co-Founder of PW solutions</p> |
− | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;"> | + | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;">Department Bioinformatics & Functional Genomics</p> |
+ | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;">Heidelberg University</p> | ||
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− | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear:left; text-align: left; font-size: 40px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 700 !important;">Prof. Dr. | + | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear:left; text-align: left; font-size: 40px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 700 !important;">Prof. Dr. Michael Wink</p> |
− | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear: left; text-align: left; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px"> | + | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear: left; text-align: left; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px">Academic Dean of the Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology</p> |
− | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear: left; text-align: left; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;"> | + | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear: left; text-align: left; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;">Heidelberg University</p> |
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− | + | Prof. Michael Wink is one of the most experienced professionals we talked to. It was a great pleasure for us to be profiting from his store of knowledge in the field of evolution. Our concerns that directed evolution approaches like PREDCEL and PACE might be too ambitious and too complex for a student project were alleviated by Prof. Wink. He gave us intellectual input and helped us with recommendations about existing literature by which we were able to translate our ideas to the laboratory “bench”. | |
+ | As he pointed out that silicon besides carbon-based life is a possibility on other planets, we feel encouraged to pursue our research on enzymes that form carbon-silicon bonds. | ||
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− | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 40px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 700 !important;">Prof. Dr. | + | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 40px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 700 !important;">Prof. Dr. Dr. Edith Huland</p> |
− | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px"> | + | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px">Founder & Managing Director of Immunservice GmbH</p> |
− | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;"> | + | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;">Medical Professional</p> |
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− | + | Prof. Huland developed an inhalative interleukin-2 immunotherapy and is an international expert on the development and implementation of therapeutic and diagnostic innovations. Her impressive career comprises the responsibility as principal investigator and co-investor for various international clinical trials as well as scientific advisor for international government, university and industrial advisory boards. | |
− | + | Giving her immense expertise, we discussed our directed evolution approach with Prof. Huland. She was impressed about the implications that the PACE and PREDCEL technology could offer in therapeutic inventions and research. In fact, she immediately came up with many creative and innovative ideas about proteins that could be evolved to benefit therapeutic applications. | |
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− | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear:left; text-align: left; font-size: 40px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 700 !important;">Prof. Dr. | + | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear:left; text-align: left; font-size: 40px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 700 !important;">Prof. Dr. Philipp Stoellger</p> |
− | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear: left; text-align: left; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px"> | + | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear: left; text-align: left; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px">Theological Department</p> |
− | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear: left; text-align: left; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;"> | + | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear: left; text-align: left; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;">Heidelberg University</p> |
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− | + | Should humanity harness the process of evolution for their own benefit? In fact, humanity is doing so since thousands of years by breeding animals and cultivating plants for their own demands. However, transferring a directed evolution approach to the laboratory could raise concerns in the general public. | |
+ | We wanted to discuss our directed evolution approach with experts in the field of ethics. Hence, we talked to Prof. Dr. Philipp Stoellger from the theological department of Heidelberg University. Prof. Stoellger pointed out that he, as a theologist, has no general concerns about intervening in evolution and harnessing its potential for human benefits as long as the experiments are kept under strict laboratory conditions. However, ethical questions arise, if powerful and efficient techniques like PREDCEL and PACE are misused for military or otherwise harmful purposes or if modified organisms are released into the natural ecosystem. It is the duty of each and every scientist to reflect about the consequences of their research. Could this new discovery or invention be misused in any way? Which safety measures and precautions can be taken to prevent misuse? | ||
+ | To face ethical concerns about directed evolution approaches, Prof. Stoellger recommended to firmly integrate professionals from other fields into such substantial projects, like environmentalists, human rights activist, ethics commissions, artists and politicians. This is reasonable because only an interdisciplinary group of professionals can make decisions with consequences affecting all humanity. Prof Stoellger was also impressed about the concept of iGEM and how this competition in Synthetic Biology encourages young scientists to reflect on <a href:"https://2017.igem.org/Team:Heidelberg/Safety">safety</a>, environment and the involvement and contribution of the general public to the design and elaboration of the scientific project. Following this concept, young scientists would grow to become responsible researchers in the future. | ||
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− | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px"> | + | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px">Visual Learning Lab</p> |
− | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;"> | + | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;">Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing and</p> |
+ | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;"Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing and</p> | ||
+ | <p class="content" style="float: right; clear:right; text-align: right; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;"Heidelberg University</p> | ||
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− | + | When we considered to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) for our software project for the first time, we wanted to ensure that we do not endanger anybody with this powerful, but controversial technology. Interviewing high school students, we learned about their fears regarding the use of AI. Dr. Ullrich Köthe elucidated all potential risks, and we discussed dystopian predictions where AI dominates the entire earth or universe and turns all available matter and energy into “Computronium”. To answer the question whether these dystopian predictions might come true one day, he referred to the onset of gene technology: People pointed out severe risks thirty years ago, but science has found effective counter-measures to keep these risks under control. The current discussion about AI is in many ways similar. Informing us about leading experts who anticipate computers to achieve general intelligence or even super-intelligence, he especially referred to Ray Kurzweil. <a href:"http://www.kurzweilai.net/futurism-ray-kurzweil-claims-singularity-will-happen-by-2045">Kurzweil</a> predicts that “by 2029, computers will have human-level intelligence” and "set the date 2045 for singularity — which is when humans will multiply our effective intelligence a billion fold, by merging with the intelligence we have created” - Dr. Köthe considers this estimation to be quite optimistic. He points out that we cannot predict AI-related threats and dangers far into the future, because we have no idea how computers at this level of intelligence will work. Current dystopian ideas are mainly extrapolations of human weaknesses, which are unlikely to apply to intelligent machines in the same way. Existing (weak) AI systems usually make mistakes that are markedly different from typical human errors in the same situation. Therefore, it is necessary to advance our understanding of AI goal control and safety in close association with our improving understanding of AI itself. For the time being, AI will remain unable to cause severe trouble, unless actively misused by a human. All in all, Dr. Köthe quietened down our concerns of dystopian AI and made us feel more relaxed using AI for our software approach. | |
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− | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear: left; text-align: left; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px"> | + | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear: left; text-align: left; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;padding-top: 5px">Director of the Agricultural Department</p> |
− | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear: left; text-align: left; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;"> | + | <p class="content" style="float: left; clear: left; text-align: left; font-size: 20px !important; color: white !important; font-weight: 400 !important;">University of Hohenheim</p> |
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− | + | To figure out potential agricultural applications for PACE and PREDCEL we talked to Dr. Ernst from the University of Hohenheim. He indicated that the ability of evolving proteins with specific, novel properties <x-ref>RN35</x-ref>, would undoubtably be of high interest for the agricultural industry. However, he expressed his concerns when it comes to acceptance utilizing gene technology for agricultural production by customers, organizations for customer protection as well as policy makers. Dr. Ernst made us aware of the fact, that a lack of acceptance of gene technology in agriculture in Europe is in fact a very fundamental problem present since several decades. In parts, this problem is, as Dr. Ernst says, due to a lack of information required for the stakeholders in the community to fairly weight potential benefits and risks. Dr. Ernst thus recommended an open communication of research in genetic engineering as well as close collaboration with Ethics Boards and organizations for customer protection. | |
− | + | The PACE and PREDCEL approaches developed by our team during this iGEM summer allows evolving and tuning protein-protein interactions. Thereby, proteins can be created, that highly specifically bind to and affect harmful species and reprieve related harmless species. Hereby, biodiversity can be maintained and is even supported compared to conventional approaches. | |
+ | On top, we got the chance to discuss our carbon-silicon approach with Dr. Ernst. He was fascinated by our ideas and claimed, that applications of <a href:"carbon-silicons">carbon-silicons</a> have a high demand for usage as fungicides or insecticides by farmers and in the horticultural business. | ||
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Revision as of 16:47, 30 October 2017
Prof. Dr. Kevin Esvelt
Director of the Sculpting Evolution group
Assistant Professor, MIT Media Lab
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Antonio D´Isanto
PhD student in Astroinformatics
HITS – Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies
Dr. Dorothea Kaufmann
Study Program Manager for Molecular Biotechnology
Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology
University of Heidelberg
Thomas Wollmann
PhD Student and Co-Founder of PW solutions
Department Bioinformatics & Functional Genomics
Heidelberg University
Prof. Dr. Michael Wink
Academic Dean of the Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology
Heidelberg University
Prof. Dr. Dr. Edith Huland
Founder & Managing Director of Immunservice GmbH
Medical Professional
Prof. Dr. Philipp Stoellger
Theological Department
Heidelberg University
PD Dr. Ullrich Köthe
Visual Learning Lab
Heidelberg Collaboratory for Image Processing and
Dr. Michael Ernst
Director of the Agricultural Department
University of Hohenheim
Prof. Dr. Erika Musterfrau
Head of Department Musterpatterns
Pattern Scientist
Prof. Dr. Erika Musterfrau
Head of Department Musterpatterns
Pattern Scientist
Prof. Dr. Erika Musterfrau
Head of Department Musterpatterns
Pattern Scientist
Prof. Dr. Erika Musterfrau
Head of Department Musterpatterns
Pattern Scientist
Prof. Dr. Erika Musterfrau
Head of Department Musterpatterns
Pattern Scientist