At the beginning of our iGEM adventure we were invited by the Rathenau Institute to visit their introduction to the iGEMers "Guide To The Future". The Rathenau Institute is an institute which promotes safe and ethical research. We speed dated Human Practices experts from the Rathenau Institute and RIVM (the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment). Before we attended this event, we decided on making a DNA detection system. We were still unsure on the different aspects of our vision. After evaluating several options, receiving critical feedback and advice from experts in their respective fields we decided to focus on one specific application; a bacteriophages detection system for the dairy industry. We made use of the iGEMers guide during the beginning of our project to explore our human practices opportunities. We also had a skype call with Zoë Robaey about this guide. She helped us with understanding the guide even better and how we should apply it. She also gave some advice on useful contacts and how to design our 'Outbreak !' game.

We used the posters from the iGEMmers Guide To The Future we received from the Rathenau Institute to make our product more graspable and to let the end user seem more alive. We thought of the name of the user, what are his/her hobbies are, what did this person study and what is his/her current job? How does this person think? What are their problems and professional fears? It helped us in thinking about the questions a user could have. This influenced our final cartridge design. We also made a risk map to consider as many risks as possible. We thought of risks from really small ones to ones with a huge IMPACT, as demonstrated in the image.

---

Jacques Hille - 20 June

To gain insights of the impact of GMOs in the food industry we contacted Dr. J. Hille, a lecturer of Biotechnology course unit at the University of Groningen. Here we discussed the general differences between European and American legislation and the public perception of GMOs in general. Dr Hille was kind enough to give us useful directions and connections, such as Jeantine Lunshof and pointed us towards issues we should take into account before further advancing with our project.

Cathalijne van Beekvelt works for the ILT. This is the Dutch Inspectorate of Living environment and Transport. We sought information on regulations that could limit our products use. This lead to us contacting Rob Duba, who might be of further assistance regarding the regulative challenges we might encounter.

Multiple times, we had contact with Jaco Westra from the RIVM. RIVM provided us with funding and in return, we tried to work on an assignment to continuously improve upon security aspects of our project. The title of the assignment was ‘Thinking before doing’. We eventually presented all of the safety aspects, we believe to be of relevance, in a card game which is fun, engaging and educative. You can read more about 'Outbreak!' here. Jaco was our contact person during this safety assignment. He gave great tips on how to handle legislation and that during the iGEM competition it is acceptable to think beyond the current legislative boundaries. He helped us on further points of contact, such as Wouter Ghering and ILT.

Jeantine Lunshof works as a bioethicist at the Church laboratory in Boston. We contacted her in the beginning of our project to educate ourselves on ethical dimensions in the field of synthetic biology. After introducing general ideas of our project, she told us about her work at the Church lab. Together we thought about a story which would be interesting as well as not repulsive for the public. Jeantine also mentioned that the end user of dairy products is in our case a very low stakeholder. This definitely does not mean we should set them aside, it is crucial to inform them and assess how we best should sell our vision. Why is our project important for the consumer? Does it ensure safer dairy products or will the dairy products be of a higher quality? She also highlighted the importance to clarify that our diagnostic tool will come into contact with food! Even a small notion of GMO contamination in a food factory will significantly upset the public. That could result in having the entire project negatively connotated in public perception. Such an undesirable press coverage would significantly reduce acceptance in the public as well as resulting in a reduced interest from industry due to PR issues. Ultimately, chances of getting the product on the market would be close to zero. Tip: one team, one voice!

Before the meeting with Prof. Martin Goedhart and Dr. Maaike de Heij we tried to unsuccessfully contact multiple dairy factories and farmers. The GMO nature of our system seemed to be the most likely reason for this failure to establish a proper line of communication. Professor Martin Goedhart and Dr. Maaike de Heij gave us great tips on how we should approach companies. After implementing their advice, we were able to achieve successful contact more easily. One of the researchers at a big dairy company was even surprised we were allowed to visit one of their factories!

To gain insights into the current legislation and policy with regard to biotechnology, we contacted Rob Duba, a senior policy officer on Biotechnology at the Department of Infrastructure and Environment. We learned that both the licensing for working with GMOs and notification at Bureau GGO (GGO is Dutch for GMO) is publicly available. If our biosensor is deemed for restricted use, it is necessary for the company to apply for a GMO license as well as requiring designated Biosafety staff. Unfortunately, up to this moment, no GMO biosensor exists that was not categorized for restricted use. Only in the unlikely case that the biosensor gets an EU market approval (in Dutch: EU Markt toelating), which essentially allows GMOs that are deemed safe to be released in nature, a company using it is not obliged to get a license.